Just a hundred years ago, they looked at the car as a curiosity, while carts harnessed by horses were used to transport certain goods . Today, on the contrary, a modern person with great curiosity will look at a horse, sincerely not understanding how people lived like this before? Indeed, it is impossible to imagine your life without a car, and some horses are now exclusive animals, worth an hour more expensive than any car.
By definition, a car is a self-propelled vehicle designed to transport people, deliver goods or carry out individual operations. All cars have different classifications and functions, and are divided into freight, passenger and special. Thus, the classification of trucks occurs according to the following principles:
1) By designation, where there is also a division into general-purpose and specialized cars. The first ones are intended for transportation of any non-liquid cargo (liquids are transported in a special container, and the body is a platform with sides), and the second - for transportation of a certain type of cargo: dump trucks, tanks, cattle, etc.
2) On the cross: in this case, the most common cars are ordinary cross-country, that is, able to ride on paved roads. But there are also trucks with increased and high traffic, they are used in difficult road conditions.
3) The next paragraph, the classification of cars notes the adaptability of the machine to climatic conditions. Thus, trucks are produced for a moderate, hot and cold (northern) climate. Note that cars for hot climates are made on the basis of cars for the moderate.
4) By the nature of use, trucks are divided into tractors and single. The tractor is also called a road train, as it is designed to transport one or more trailers with cargo.
5) Further, the classification of cars in this category distinguishes their carrying capacity. So, especially small ones are intended for transportation of goods weighing from 0.3 to 1 ton; small - from 1 to 3 tons; medium - from 3 to 5; large - from 5 to 8; especially large - from 8 tons.
6) By the type of chassis, the machines are divided into frame and frameless. The first include cars, where the frame serves as the base, to which various mechanisms and components are subsequently attached; on the second, it is absent, and installation is carried out directly to the body itself, which is considered to be bearing.
7) By the type of engine, which are carbureted (consuming gasoline), diesel and electric (powered by batteries).
For basic truck models, special indexes are used, including the designation of the manufacturer and four digits, where the first indicates the class of car, the second indicates its type, and the last two (from 01 to 99) indicate the model number. In total, the classification of freight cars distinguishes seven classes, which depend on the total mass of the car. Thus, the first refers to cars weighing up to 1.2 tons; to the second - from 1.2 to 2 tons; to the third - from 2 to 8 tons; to the fourth - from 8 to 14 tons; to the fifth - from 14 to 20 tons; to the sixth - from 20 to 40 tons; to the seventh - from 40 and above.
To indicate the type of truck, the following numbers are also used:
- onboard - 3;
- tractor - 4;
- dump truck - 5;
- tank - 6;
- van - 7;
- reserve - 8;
- special - 9.
Such a classification of cars helps to determine what kind of truck is in front of you. Consider an example: in front of your eyes a car recorded as ZIL-4314. Therefore, we now know to which manufacturer the vehicle belongs (ZIL), as well as the fact that its weight is from 8 to 14 tons (this corresponds to the first figure 4), its platform is on-board (figure 3), and the model is the 14th. If, in addition to this, you come across a record of the â6x4â type, this will indicate the wheels (there is also a classification of cars for them), where 6 is their total number, and 4 is the number of drivers.