The educator, who forms the child’s self-awareness by freeing the child’s “I” from the inner shackles, will achieve significant success much faster than the teacher, who only dictates strict rules to the baby, which must be unconditionally observed and followed. Children see a huge difference between such adults, as if between an angel and a demon. That is why it is necessary to thoroughly approach personality-oriented education in primary school and preschool age. What kind of education is this and what are its tasks?
How to decipher the term?
In short, personality-oriented education - these are methods aimed at shaping the personality of a child at an early age. Most people are accustomed to the fact that Russian pedagogy has always held a moderate position on this issue. Do not be too soft towards the child, encouraging him for the most minor achievements, but you do not need to be a tyrant who scolds or even hits the baby for a small misconduct.
This approach justified itself only until some time, while young people really felt that democracy had real power over everything that was happening, and money was only a resource for achieving material goals. However, in a crisis, everything becomes exactly the opposite. It’s hard to admit, but those with more money began to rule the world. Therefore, it is necessary to work out a new, more effective methodology of education.
Of course, do not forget that the effectiveness of the pedagogical process in many cases will be strictly individual. Some children are easier to educate, so it will be easier to find a common language with them. However, even in the most difficult character, you can find a loophole that will allow you to form the correct self-awareness of the child. The only question is how quickly the teacher can achieve the location of the baby.
The problem of modern education
Day nursery, kindergarten, school with extended school hours - people send their children to such municipal institutions almost from birth and do not even think about how effective the pedagogical methods that are used in them are. In most cases, in such places the same problem is present - authoritarianism, i.e., the power of the educator or teacher over children.
The problem of modern education is that teachers do not even try to get in touch with the child. They just try to maintain their authority, which allows them to educate children according to the same scheme: "I understand the task? Then do the work!" - and no rewards for the work done, no equality in communication. It is because of the strict education policy that most of the children then become simply unsuitable for life.
From an early age, a child may have disrespect for adults, although the value foundations of personality-oriented education in schools and kindergartens are completely opposite. It turns out that the technique does not work? As a rule, it is. Only a handful of children who have managed to instill the basic values of life at home do not listen to the teacher because they are afraid of him, but out of respect for the older person.
The right approach to education
A personality-oriented approach in the education of students is of great importance. Each novice teacher must understand that for programming a child for self-awareness and personal freedom, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the psyche of the baby. Of course, to find a personal approach to each student, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. However, only in this case, education will be really effective.
Fortunately, most young teachers today are beginning to gradually squeeze out the prevailing stereotypes from the educational mechanism that the teacher is always right, that the child has no right to argue with him, and so on. Slowly and gradually, the words "I must" in the mind of the child are replaced by "I want." Perhaps the old pedagogical habits that have been passed down from generation to generation since the times of the USSR were frightening, but certainly not effective.
It is also worth saying a few words that the theory of personality-oriented education consists in the fact that the child is the highest value, which is placed above the educational process itself. This contradicts the ideology of that pedagogy itself, where the teacher was almost a deity for students. Attitude to the child as a full participant in the relationship increases his self-esteem and dignity.
Tasks of personality-oriented education
To better understand what the essence of the modern pedagogical approach is, you need to look at its main tasks. In addition, such actions will make it possible to compare them with the goals of the old pedagogy in order to identify which system is nevertheless the most effective. So, these are just the main tasks that the modern educational methodology pursues:
- the formation of their own self-awareness in a child;
- highlighting moral values;
- preservation and protection of democratic principles and equality.
As you can see, the goals of personality-oriented pedagogy will help develop a child’s thinking, increase internal self-esteem, and also understand what the significance of one’s “I” is. However, adherents of the old methods of upbringing mistakenly believe that the methodology educates only egoists who wanted to spit on the opinions of elders and others. This, of course, is not so, since equality is at the core of the main values that are instilled in the child.
What did the old pedagogical system give to children? Virtually nothing good. A child has felt inferior since childhood, as he stands one step lower than any adult. The opinion put forward by the teacher became the only right one for all children, since there was no way to challenge him. A similar technique can be compared with a dictatorship in which equality can never be considered.
Why stick to the new system?
The value basis of personality-oriented education is equality. Even at the initial stages, the child will feel at the same level with the teacher, which will allow him to form adult thinking much faster. Such children usually achieve success in life much faster than most modern adults. There are frequent cases when a child aged 7-8 years was engaged in creativity at a professional level and gained fame.
If we talk about a personality-oriented approach in physical education, then it also has tremendous effectiveness. Just remember the Soviet school. Each child was forced to run several kilometers of cross-country race, even though some students are too full and cannot do it. The teacher then repeated: "You need to run to lose weight!" And if the child was satisfied with his complexion? The opinion of the teacher was above all.
What does the modern system of physical education offer? Each child is assigned individual tasks based on their qualities that he owns. What is the point of making a fragile girl throw a grenade at a great distance, when her main quality is excellent flexibility and plasticity? Or why should a guy learn aerobics if he jumps well with a running start. Therefore, each child should have a personal approach and an assessment of his abilities.
The proper instilling of cultural property
According to one of the authors of the personality-oriented education of E.V. Bondarevskaya, the cultural values of their country and small homeland should lie in the foundation of modern pedagogical methods. If the child is not forced into action, but is shown by examples that adults who have become illustrious artists or heroes do this, then the baby will independently come to an understanding of certain values.
Do not forget that the self-formed worldview of a person is more correct than that imposed by the teacher for several years. How to make a child understand what is good and what is bad? It will be enough to attend various cultural exhibitions, art galleries, museums and other institutions with the class, which, using an example, show how a person who wants to succeed in life should behave.
However, the formation of internal self-awareness should be based on the individual characteristics of the children's psyche. Many teachers begin to take their children to museums of military glory in the first grade of the school, when the kids did not even begin to study history and do not understand what war is. It would be much more effective to send children to some kind of cultural ensemble for the smallest.
Meeting the unique interests of the child
The very essence of a personality-oriented upbringing of a child lies in the recognition of its uniqueness in front of other children. It is necessary not only to notice what interests children have, but also to satisfy them whenever possible. If most of the girls in your class are engaged in embroidery, this does not mean that absolutely every child will be interested in such an activity. Therefore, do not underestimate the assessment of a student who does not have talent for this.
In addition, most of the children in modern schools relate to the educational process without due attention. It is all about the specifics of the mentality that has developed over several years of educational activity - each student must study the same subjects as his classmates. And it does not matter if the child has a penchant for the natural sciences, or if he understands social science and literature more.
Fortunately, more and more institutions began to switch to a specialized education system. The child himself chooses the subjects that he will study. For example, students with a profile in “Mathematics and Information Technology” will study algebra, geometry, physics and computer science more than others, but their lessons in Russian, history and literature will be reduced. A fairly convenient system that takes into account the personal qualities of the child.
Respect for the child and equality in relationships
A personality-oriented approach to education and upbringing is not only an individual approach to each student, but also absolute respect for each child. Tell me, which of the modern teachers calls first graders to "you"? But this is exactly what any teacher should do, regardless of whether he is teaching an adult graduate or a kid. Take a look at the education system in Europe or Japan and say that this method does not work.
In addition, in many schools there is such a tendency: if a student does not cope with the task, he will be punished or humiliated in front of the rest of the class. For the time being, he will harbor anger and resentment within himself, after which sooner or later he will throw everything on the teacher. Up to this point, a conflict between the teacher and the student will ripen, the beginning of which was laid by an adult, condemning the child in front of peers.
Technology "favorite school" is one of the newest and most effective, some of its elements are increasingly borrowed by many educational institutions. The principle is quite simple: the main persons in the kindergarten are children, and educators are adult friends with whom you can solve any issue. The teacher willingly plays such a role, so that children feel much more comfortable. However, to completely adopt the methodology for the school would be a mistake.
Understanding the child is the main key to parenting
Most "complex" children do not agree to perform any task only because carers refuse to understand them. In some cases, the child simply does not have enough attention and care. As a rule, it is these children who are capable of grandiose achievements if they get what they so much want. Otherwise, that internal energy, which has been accumulating all this time inside the child’s body, spills out into something bad.
To understand a child, you need to put yourself in his place. How would you react on the spot of the kid who received a deuce for unfulfilled homework, when the reason for this was an unplanned trip of the parents? Instead of punishing the baby, call his parents and ask them to plan their schedule so that it does not interfere with the child's activities. In this case, the student will have more respect for his teacher.
Often, the educator cannot suppress the “first reaction,” which in most cases is based on incorrect judgments. For example, the teacher sees the boy hit the girl, after which he immediately intervenes in the conflict, blaming the baby and claiming that it is impossible to do this and that he is wrong. Of course, giving up is the last thing, but before blaming the child, try to find out what led to the conflict.
That is why it is so important that personality-oriented education in primary school and kindergarten is based on the ability of the teacher to understand his charges. The teacher or teacher should be able to calmly analyze a certain situation and take the side of the child, even if he is in many ways wrong. After all, children never commit bad deeds just like that - the fault is the wrong upbringing received from adults.
Recognition of the baby's right to be himself
The content of personality-oriented parenting has a very interesting point, which is called "Recognition of the child." Each teacher should be able not only to put himself in the place of the student, but also to reconcile with his peculiarity. After all, not all children receive enough love at home. The teacher cannot understand all the circumstances of the formation of the character of the baby, so he must accept it for what it is.
The recognition of a person is of particular importance in the case of raising a teenager, when most of them begin to form their own consciousness, life principles, character and moral values. If a school student sees that his views on life, which were formed by personal experience, are not recognized by adults, then he ceases to respect them or even begins to despise. Therefore, it is so important to accept someone else's point of view, even if it is not perfect.
As for the technology of personality-oriented education of preschool children, it plays no less important role than the education of adolescents. Indeed, the formation of personality can occur even in the early stages of the development of the child. It all depends on the situations that the baby managed to survive at his age. In some cases, five-year-olds are just beginning to communicate with their peers, and in others they have already managed to recognize the bitterness of resentment and betrayal.
Adopting a child as he is
It is about the unconditional acceptance of the baby with all its advantages and disadvantages. Of course, this is easier said than done, because each educator must teach the child what is good and what is bad. However, taking the baby, you acknowledge his readiness for the changes that will happen to him under the influence of peer behavior and the recommendations of older people.
In most cases, teachers repeat the same mistake - they begin to accept their pupil formally. For example, the teacher promises the child to help in some matter, but then refuses his words, referring to more important matters. The teacher must understand that, taking a child, he becomes for him the best friend and adviser. The betrayal of such a person can be perceived much more painfully than an unfulfilled promise from a peer.
We hope that now you better understand what the model of personality-oriented education of preschoolers and schoolchildren consists of. Of course, to learn this technique, it will take several months of hard research and years of practice. , - – . , , . , .