The security guarantee of any country is the high morality of its citizens. These are not pompous words, but truth, confirmed by many historical examples proving its unconditionality. Labor and military exploits in the name of freedom and prosperity of the Motherland are not dictated by the personal interest of its citizens, but by high spiritual feelings.
The relevance of moral education of children
The mass media is full of shocking messages: there, teenagers beat a friend or teacher, robbed a store here, committed wild reprisals against animals, set fire to a neighbor’s house in revenge, made a car accident for spectacular shots on the Internet ... Far from always, these wild acts are committed under the influence of alcohol or drugs .
Why is this happening? Neither parents nor the school teach to steal, maim, kill, have fun at the expense of someone else's grief. Have moral ideals and guidelines changed? Has the educational impact of family and school weakened? No stunning examples of moral dedication? ..
This is probably a topic for large-scale sociological research. It is obvious that today the problem of educating a highly moral person is extremely relevant, moral feelings are a product of a whole system of family and social education.
What is morality?
Primitive morality, apparently, arose when a person began to understand that it is easier to survive in the wild, if the rules of mutual assistance are established in society: help another and do not harm him. The semantic enrichment of this concept occurred as the rules of collective being became more complicated and the feelings and emotions of a person developed. He consciously began to coordinate his actions with the norms of his tribe, since his own well-being directly depended on the well-being of collective coexistence.
Morality and morality are synonyms denoting a certain code, a system of adopted rules, norms of behavior in relation to other members of society and to society itself. Moral feelings are the basis of a person’s moral behavior .
Moral maturity is ...
Moral education is impossible without the formation in each person of knowledge of moral ideals, norms and rules, the need to follow them in all circumstances.
The result of this upbringing is the development of a person’s high moral feelings (duty, conscience, shame, honor, dignity, compassion, mercy, tolerance, etc.) and such personality qualities as responsibility (for oneself, for others, for the common cause), courage, patriotism, integrity, etc.
Internal moral and ethical feelings are certainly expressed in the external culture of a person’s behavior, in his respect for other people, in his readiness to obey social requirements and control. They will not allow the person to choose the ways of achievement of life goals reproved by a society.
The essence of a person’s moral maturity is expressed in his critical attitude to himself and his ability to manage his own behavior according to generally accepted standards. Such a person sees his own shortcomings and is ready for self-education.
Patriotism as a moral feeling
Love for the Fatherland begins with love for parents, for your family, for your own home, village, city. As one grows up, a person has such high moral and patriotic feelings as pride for his countrymen, for the history of his country, respect for its symbolism, willingness to work selflessly for the common good, willingness to protect and sacrifice in the name of national freedom.
The upbringing of patriotism implies respect for the laws of the country and their unconditional implementation, tolerance in relation to traditions and customs, faith of people of other nationalities.
A person’s moral feelings are a kind of internal engine that prompts him to take active action. On the other hand, they can force him to stop activities contrary to public ethical standards.
Moral self-education
Education of a person occurs through external, external influence on his personality (family, school, work collective). The peak of the formation of moral feelings of a person is the appearance of her internal awareness of the need to engage in self-improvement, that is, self-education.
The goal of self-education is the formation of the best habits, aspirations, qualities and getting rid of negative ones. For this, it is necessary to develop a habit of introspection, an independent assessment of not only one's own actions, but also their internal motives. It is important that introspection be based on reference ideas about morality and law.
A correct ethical assessment of one’s actions and their motives pushes a person to recognize his erroneous actions, to search for ways to correct them and restore his authority in the opinion of others.
There are many reasons for thinking about the qualities of self, since moral feelings are a vast field for philosophical thoughts and sometimes require a momentary resolution. In fact, what he puts at the forefront - his own interest or the interest of another person, society - this is one of the indicators of a person’s level of education.
Methods of educating moral feelings
Family, educational institutions, public organizations fulfill the state order to educate individuals with certain moral qualities.
In family education, the following methods are mainly used:
- personal example of parents
- explanations
- examples from life, cinema and literature,
- analysis, explanation of feelings and actions of children and other persons,
- encouragement, stimulation of good feelings and actions,
- requirements
- punishment.
Moral feelings are a state of mind, they are hidden from the eyes of strangers. Parents should stimulate children's spontaneity in their expression, encourage confidential spiritual conversations, during which both the formation and correction of the feelings of a growing person occurs. Proper family life also serves this purpose.
Kindergarten and school are the successors of family education. Programs for the formation of moral and ethical feelings in children include both collective and individual forms of interaction with pupils. In educational and extracurricular activities, in labor, in specially organized contacts with war and labor veterans, military personnel, and representatives of various types of art, not only the life experience, but also the sensory experience of adults with children is exchanged.
Along with traditional methods, teachers use military patriotic games, visits to places of military and labor glory, volunteer actions, honoring children and adults who have shown the best moral qualities in critical situations.
Indispensable conditions for the successful application of methods for the formation of moral and patriotic feelings and behavior of children and adolescents are strict adherence to the norms of public morality on the part of adults, the fairness of rewards and punishments. In a respectful attitude to the personality of the pupil, methods such as persuasion, suggestion, exercises in moral actions, correction of undesirable behavior through the formation of moral feelings and experiences should be applied.