There are three main types of brake systems: parking, working and spare. The parking brake system of the car is designed to hold the car while parked in one place. Working - to stop the car and reduce speed. The spare brake system of the car is reserve, necessary in the event that the worker fails. Most often today, the latter is an indispensable part of the brake working system.
The main components of each brake system are the brake drive and the brake mechanism. The latter creates a braking torque, which provides a deceleration of the car. In mechanical engineering, friction mechanisms based on the use of friction force are used. Inside the wheel is the brake mechanism of the service brake system. The parking system mechanisms may be located behind the transfer case or gearbox.
Depending on the device, the braking mechanisms may be disk or drum. The latter consist of a hollow drum, in which there are two pads, spreading apart and pressed against the drum using one or more cylinders.
Slowing is provided due to the friction of the inner surface of the drum and the friction of the pads. After braking is completed under the influence of springs, the pads return to their original place. The advantages of drum mechanisms include low manufacturing cost and simplicity. They also have a large contact area of the friction parts with the surface of the drum. This helps to increase the braking force, and also makes it possible to use this design on large trucks.
This brake system of the car has some disadvantages, such as the risk of overheating of the drum and its subsequent deformation. Accordingly, this leads to a significant decrease in the contact surface of the drum and pads and a decrease in braking efficiency. Such mechanisms in the end are poorly suited for driving with heavy loads and frequent braking.
The disk brake system of a car includes a brake rotary disk and a caliper, which is mounted on an arm and contains brake stationary pads. In the grooves of the caliper are working cylinders, pressing the pads to the sides of the disk. Compared with a car’s brake drum system, the VAZ disc brake system is less prone to overheating, since its working parts are more open and, accordingly, are better blown.
In addition, ventilated mechanisms are used. They consist of two disks that are connected by blades. Air, therefore, passes through them and cools more efficiently. In addition to heat dissipation, they perform the functions of cleaning from moisture, frictional dust and dirt. It is worth noting that the contact area in disk systems is much smaller compared to drum systems. For this reason, more force is required to provide deceleration. In view of this, various brake booster systems have begun to appear everywhere. The disadvantages of this mechanism include a higher cost, inappropriateness to difficult operating conditions, as well as a smaller resource of blocks.
Today, a variety of safety elements are included in the device of the brake system - electronic differential lock, traction control system, brake force separation system , ABS, emergency brake booster. This makes it possible for the brake system to perform additional functions. So, off-road driving helps simulate differential locks, drifts and other troubles eliminates traction control due to braking, the vehicle is held on the trajectory by the system of directional stability.