Translated from Latin, "passport" literally means "movement through the gate." Initially, in the Middle Ages it was called the passage through the main gate of the city. Today, a passport is the main document proving the identity of a citizen at border crossings, providing access to various services and performing the function of ensuring security.
The passport reflects the citizen's belonging to the state, although it does not imply compulsory residence on its territory.
There are several types of passports, which establishes a list of identity documents. Each of them has its own category of "owners".
Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation
This is the main document of a person in the Russian Federation. It is a booklet consisting of nineteen pages and containing information on personal identification:
- personal data (full name);
- photo of the set parameters;
- date of birth and place;
- registration;
- information about military duty;
- information on registered marriage (as well as divorce);
- the presence of children;
- blood group and rhesus (at the request of the owner).
In addition, the passport contains information about the authority that issued it and the issuance of the extradition. A passport in the Russian Federation is issued upon reaching a citizen of fourteen years of age and is subject to exchange at twenty and forty years. Having a passport is not a right, but a citizen's duty.
International passport
Unlike the previous one, this identification document is not mandatory for every person and is required only for crossing borders between countries.
Obtaining a foreign passport is not possible if:
- there is an outstanding conviction, and the form of it or the crime does not matter;
- the work of a citizen is associated with materials of the first and second degree of secrecy;
- Russian citizenship obtained illegally.
In all other cases, a foreign passport is issued for a period of five or ten years (biometric). Upon expiration, the passport becomes invalid.
Diplomatic passport
It is an identity document of the President, members of the Council, and the Government, deputies of the State Duma, diplomatic staff and couriers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as family members of a citizen of the Russian Federation working in the representative office of the Russian Federation. It is the property of the state, issued for the duration of the business trip abroad and is subject to surrender upon return from it.
Service passport
This identification document is issued to a citizen of the Russian Federation for the duration of his business trip abroad, at the end of which he must be returned to the issuing organization within three days. Its validity may not exceed five years.
Sailor's passport
As the name implies, this type of document is intended for seafarers: working on a ship overseas sailing, seconded to serve on a foreign ship. At the same time, they can cross the territory of the Russian Federation by any transport, either as part of a group, or individually if there is an extract from the ship's role, duly certified.
Identification documents of a citizen of the Russian Federation within the country
All of these types of passports are required for crossing the borders of the Russian Federation. In addition to them, there are documents on the territory of the Russian Federation confirming the identity of their owner. In addition to those already considered, such documents include a certificate of a soldier and a birth certificate. Certificate of a serviceman - issued to military personnel for the entire period of their service in order to confirm their identity and confirm the legal status. Birth certificate - a document issued at birth on the basis of a birth certificate (from the hospital) and which is the main one for identifying children under 14 years of age.