Financial security is an important component of the economic security of the state. This concept characterizes the effectiveness of the functioning of the country at the macro level. The government is obliged to protect the national interests of the state, as well as financial security. This is necessary to strengthen the country's position in the international arena. The essence, criteria and main indicators of the financial security of the state will be considered below.
Definition
Financial and economic security of the state is a concept that implies a set of measures, means and methods of protecting the interests of the state at the global level in a market economy. This is a broad concept that is considered from different points of view. Therefore, a single definition of financial security does not exist. There are only limited definitions of individual aspects of this phenomenon.
There are several approaches to the interpretation of state financial security. From the point of view of resource-financial theory, this concept is considered as the economic security of the country's interests at all levels of market relations. This is the security of enterprises, corporations, organizations of various types, as well as households, which leads to the creation of harmonious conditions for the development of regions, all sectors of the economy. They are provided with so many resources that will be enough to meet their needs.
Statistics considers this concept as the state of all systems, which is balanced and resistant to various negative influences (internal or external). This does not allow expansion from the outside, providing the necessary conditions for the functioning of the national economy and its development.
From a regulatory point of view, this concept is considered as a process of creating conditions for the functioning of the entire system, in which financial resources cannot be allocated to unplanned areas of consumption. This reduces the likelihood of irrational distribution of cash flows.
In a general sense, the security of the financial sector should be understood as the protection of interests in this area at all levels of national market relations. This provides a certain degree of independence of the country, its stability and stable development. Functioning in constantly changing conditions, as well as under the influence of adverse factors (internal and external), the financial system of the state quickly adapts to various changes. This significantly reduces risks, contributes to a stable, harmonious development of the economy.
Object, subject, goals and objectives
Ensuring the financial security of the state is one of the primary goals of the ruling bodies at all levels. This is the main criterion by which the effectiveness and rationality of the actions of the Government of the Russian Federation are evaluated. To explore the basic aspects of financial security, it is necessary to consider its conceptual framework. It includes an object, subject, as well as goals and objectives.
The object of such activities of the state is the national financial system. It is considered as a phenomenon and a mechanism that directs the activities of relevant bodies to provide protection against adverse factors that inhibit development.
The subject in this case is the state as a whole. It is considered from the point of view of the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The subject is also a financial system, which includes various institutions, regions, population, world communities or primary links of the country's economy.
The subject of financial security of the state is the activity of various entities that implement the aggregate principles of protection and specific actions for the stable development of the economy and reduce risks. They function to target objects.
The concept and strategy of financial security ensures the achievement of goals in the overall structure of the national defense of the country. The main objectives of this process are to identify trends and factors that affect the country's economic activity. Also, such work is carried out to eliminate the negative influences that hinder the development of an irrational approach to the distribution of available resources.
To solve the set goals, a lot of problems are solved by specialists in various fields of state activity. New ways of developing the system are being developed or existing directions are being improved. This allows you to optimize the structure of the country's capital, income and distribution of available funds. The state budget must be properly balanced. Its structure should be optimal. Risks are covered by various reserve funds. This ensures the survival and development of the entire system in a market environment that has developed in the world.
Levels and Elements
The presented process is considered from a position of different levels. Each stage functions to ensure the general economic interests of the country. The main levels of financial security of the state are individual citizens, households, societies, organizations. They form the subsequent steps. These are the levels of industry, state and the global economy. All processes occurring in the lower structures affect global processes. Also, the actions of the responsible authorities at the macro level affect the state of the micro level economy.
The listed components function to protect national interests. These are vital values that determine the level of well-being of the people and each individual citizen. Only under the condition of coordinated work of all elements of the system, harmonious development and protection of the country from adverse effects is possible.
Components of the financial security of the state is a number of elements. One of the main factors that affects the entire system is the effectiveness of the economic policy of the state. The government must provide the conditions for achieving long-term, tactical goals in the development process of the country.
Another component that provides state protection is the independence of the financial system. This is necessary so that the governing bodies can independently make decisions regarding the goals, mechanisms and ways of development of the state. Otherwise, the interests of the country will not be taken into account in determining the directions of the system.
The third component of financial security is the competitiveness of the financial system. This allows you to take advantageous positions in the global market, gaining access to limited resources.
Components
The components of state financial security ensure the harmonious development of the system. These include several elements. These include:
- Banking system security. This ensures the stability of the system, its susceptibility to adverse factors.
- Security of the non-banking sector. At this level, the development of the insurance, stock market. They fully satisfy the needs of society in the services of such organizations.
- Debt security. Provides internal and external debt security. In this case, the cost of their service is taken into account, the optimal ratio between receivables and payables, own sources of financing is determined.
- Budget security. Actions are aimed at ensuring the solvency of the state, its financial stability. This allows all links in the system to carry out the functions assigned to them.
- Currency security. This is the process of exchange rate formation, in which society has a high confidence in national money. This creates the conditions for the gradual development of the national economy. Such a state attracts foreign investment into the country.
- Monetary system security. This allows providing all subjects of the country's economy with credit resources at an affordable price and on favorable terms. This is necessary to ensure economic growth.
All elements of the financial security of the state should work together. If problems are observed in one of these areas, other components also suffer. Therefore, a systematic approach in the process of ensuring a high level of security is extremely necessary.
Security Features
There are certain techniques that allow you to determine the level of financial security. This allows you to objectively assess the state of the system, to draw conclusions about its prospects in the future. Such categories include criteria, threats, indicators and indicators of the security level. They are considered in complex, covering the current situation from different angles.
The criteria for the financial security of the state are the norms, when compared with which the state of the country's economy is determined. The situation in this case is considered from the position of ensuring sustainable development of the financial system.
Another category that is often used in the assessment process is a threat to the financial security of the state. These include potential and existing factors. They create a danger to ensure the financial interests of the country. Relevant government agencies are required to identify threats on time. Next, an action plan is developed to reduce their impact on the situation. The level of danger of such phenomena is measured. Measures are also being taken to prevent future threats and their negative consequences on the domestic economy.
Indicators
To determine the degree of impact of the identified threats on the development of the system, special indicators are used. These are indicators that in quantitative terms reflect the state of the economy. Indicators are characterized by high sensitivity, signaling possible dangers for society, the state in case of changes at the macroeconomic level. Also, such indicators reflect the consequences of certain managerial decisions that are made in the field of finance.
Indicators should be in the optimal range. Within it, the situation in the country is the most favorable and stable. At the intersection of the indicator threshold indicator values, violations occur and unfavorable trends develop in the economy and the state as a whole.
Threats to financial security in the Russian Federation
Considering indicators of the financial security of the state, it is possible to determine the degree and type of threats that can impede the harmonious development of the economy. In our country, such dangers are divided into internal and external. They are formed under the influence of different trends.
Internal threats arise due to the irrational conduct of state policy in the field of finance. This is due to miscalculations and errors in the adoption of certain decisions by managers of higher and lower levels. The emergence of internal threats can also result from the general mismanagement of those responsible, the abuse of their powers, as well as their economic crimes.
In our country, external factors influence the condition of the financial system more. Among these threats are globalization of the world economy. International processes are intensively affecting the domestic economy, changing the structure of world economic relations. As a result, the content of global financial flows is changing. They become divorced from the processes of reproduction. Money moves into speculative capital. This leads to difficulties in conducting an equivalent exchange.
The analysis of indicators of the financial security of the state reveals the main threats. This is necessary for their identification, forecasting, as well as for the development of a state action strategy in the current and constantly changing environment.
To build threshold values for indicators, responsible authorities at the federal level, under the leadership of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, are developing plans and forecasts for the economic development processes for the next year. At the same time, the RF Ministry of Finance is working on a draft state budget. This documentation contains the main indicators that reflect the level of economic security of the state.
These include several basic factors. They are presented in percentage terms. These indicators include:
- external debt in relation to GDP;
- investment in fixed assets to GDP;
- budget deficit to GDP;
- inflation rate.
Indicators are considered in dynamics over several periods. This allows you to identify general trends.
Safety principles
Ensuring the financial security of the state occurs according to certain principles. For this, the law during the activities of the governing bodies is the primary authority, which are guided by this type of activity. At the same time, it is necessary to develop, approve and implement the state’s strategy in the process of ensuring the protection of the interests of all its subjects.
An important principle on which the presented process is based is the adoption at the highest level of the country's interests in the field of finance. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain a balance of interests of individuals, organizations, the region and the state as a whole. These are elements of one system, they must work together and move towards one goal. The security of the economy at the macro level depends on their actions.
An important principle in the process of providing protection against internal and external adverse factors is the monitoring of indicators and the monitoring of threats. These are the financial components of the economic security of the state. Based on the information collected, a selection of actions is taken to prevent their negative impact on the system, to protect national interests in this area.
The formation of the structure and legal registration of all its components is required. For each subject, functions are determined that must be performed exactly to ensure the required level of protection.
The combination of these principles forms the methods of ensuring state security in the financial sphere.
Security mechanism
There is a certain mechanism for ensuring the financial security of the state. This is a system that is enshrined in law. It includes a number of bodies, institutions whose actions are aimed at creating favorable conditions for the development of the economy.
This mechanism has several components. The first of these is legal factors (legislative acts regulating financial relations at different levels). The second is the institutional component. They ensure compliance with established norms and principles. The third component is the instrumental aspect. These are all methods, actions aimed at achieving the goal.
Supervisory authorities
The influence of financial control on the economic security of the state is significant. The overall result depends on the correct implementation of the tasks set for all subjects of the system. Therefore, such work is carried out at different levels. They are divided into two types. This is the federal and regional level.
Financial control and economic security of the state are closely related. This system is headed by the President of the Russian Federation. Appropriate conditions for this are created by the Presidential Administration. Further, the goals set at the highest level are communicated to subordinate bodies. They are the Security Council and the Federal Assembly. Tasks are structured below. Each superior body exercises control over their implementation. This ensures stable operation of the system.
Having examined the definitions, the constituent elements of the financial security of the state, we can understand the structure of this system, as well as the principles of its functioning.