Any repair begins with the alignment of the walls and their rough finish, which involves plastering the surfaces or using drywall, and in wet rooms with gypsum fiber, filling the cracks with putty and finishing putty. How to determine the roughness of the walls? It is enough to attach a wooden block along the wall and pay attention to those places where it does not touch the wall. Where the distance is more than 5 cm, plastering is necessary. If the wall is very uneven, it is better to cover it with sheets of drywall, this will avoid too dirty and hard work, in the same case when minor adjustment is required, plaster is produced. For work, use either a cement-sand mortar or a gypsum mixture. However, it should be remembered that gypsum coating is not very reliable, especially in places where the wall is exposed to vibration. Therefore, it is used, as a rule, only on gypsum surfaces and for finishing.
How to plaster walls? The work is carried out in three stages.
1. Surface preparation. Work should begin with the removal of old coatings, cracked plaster. Notches are made on concrete even walls to provide better adhesion of the mortar to the wall. Then the surface cleared of dust and dirt is primed with a special solution and dried. Before applying the sand-cement mixture, the wall is wetted with water to prevent possible swelling of the coating.
2. Preparation of plaster mortar. In accordance with the instructions on the packaging, the solution is kneaded. If the work is to be carried out on large surfaces, wooden guide rails are pre-filled on the walls, which will set the desired plane for the coating, as well as prevent possible flaking of the solution. Instead of planks, a metal mesh is also used.
First, the solution is “poured” onto the wall with cakes at a distance of 50 cm from each other. After leveling with a rule (a long wooden block), which is carried out along the wall, and determining the correct layer thickness, the beacons are dried. After this, a layer of plaster is applied, which should be slightly thicker. So that the coating does not fall off during drying, its thickness should not exceed 2-3 cm. If necessary, it is better to put several thin layers of plaster, each pre-drying.
3. A few hours after applying the solution with special tools (a wide spatula), the surface is grouted, possible flaws and irregularities are leveled.
How to plaster brick walls ?
The technology of plastering brick walls has a number of features. Firstly, you should not apply a leveling coating to fresh masonry, as it will necessarily shrink and cracks will appear on the wall. Secondly, you need to plaster the walls of brick only on a reinforcing mesh, which will make it relatively easy to level the surface. The mesh is laid on a previously applied solution layer, pressed into it and the reinforcement is well dried. Only after this plastering work is carried out: installation of guide rails, beacons, applying a layer of cement-sand mixture.
How to plaster walls with gypsum composition?
Gypsum plaster mortar is used, as a rule, for finishing or for plastering gypsum boards in damp rooms. Its characteristic feature is a quick setting, therefore, the composition is diluted and applied in small portions. It is better to use the method of spraying on the wall and further leveling. The layer thickness should not be more than 1.5-2 cm.
How to plaster walls with decorative plasters?
Special stucco compositions based on lime-sand, terrazite or stone base are used exclusively for decorative walls or ceilings. It is very simple to apply them. To do this, use a spatula or even an ordinary broom, which is lowered into the mortar, and then, patting them on the wall, “stick” a layer of plaster. A decorative surface is also created with the help of special embossed rollers, which are held along a moist plastered wall, giving the coating an original texture.