The fuel system of the engine is designed to supply the optimal composition of the air-fuel mixture. One of the components of this system is an absorber, and the article discusses its structure, purpose, major malfunctions, and ways to test its performance.
Device
Engines with distributed fuel injection first appeared on the front-wheel drive "Ladas", starting with model 2111. They are very different from their carburetor predecessors in a more complex device of the power system. It consists of 2 subsystems: supplying fuel to the fuel rail and trapping gasoline vapors. One of the components of the latter is the adsorber in the VAZ-2114.
An electromagnetic valve, controlled by the engine control unit, is placed on top of the plastic cylinder. This part is removable and fastened with plastic latches. The valve body is rectangular, and there are 2 fittings (inlet and outlet) and a connector for connecting the electronic control unit.
Hoses are attached to the fittings using clamps. The inlet is connected to the gravity valve and further to the separator and tank with gasoline. The outlet is connected by a throttle assembly.
Operating principle
So, what does the adsorber purge process look like in the VAZ 2114? When the car is parked, gasoline from the tank evaporates first into the separator. There, part of the vapor turns into a liquid and flows back. The remaining gaseous fuel, moving along the line, enters the sealed adsorber. Activated carbon absorbs fumes and keeps them in itself until the engine starts.
When the ignition is turned on from the controller that controls the engine, voltage is applied to the valve and it opens. During engine operation, the filler heats up and dries, releasing gasoline vapors back. They are sucked into the engine by the vacuum in the intake reservoir along with the main portion of the fuel.
Why do you need an adsorber on a VAZ-2114
The main purpose of the subsystem for collecting fuel vapor and adsorber as a component of this system is to make the car less harmful to the environment and to comply with international environmental standards Euro-2 and Euro-3.
The adsorber does not affect the technical characteristics of the VAZ-2114. It is designed so that gasoline vapors do not leave the limits of the power system circuits. This measure allows a little more efficient use of the fuel supply. There will be no savings, as when using forced idle, but you can drive 1-2 kilometers during a long operation.
Removal and installation
The dismantling of the part is carried out according to the following algorithm:
Step 1. Disconnect the clamp from the negative terminal of the battery and lock the wheels with the parking brake (“put on the handbrake”).
Step 2. Remove the wire from the adsorber valve (VAZ-2114).
Step 3. Using a Phillips screwdriver, loosen the clamps and remove the hoses from the fittings. The latter are made of plastic and break easily.
Step 4. Pry off the latch on the valve body with a flat-blade screwdriver and remove it.
Step 5. Loosen the clamp securing the adsorber housing and pull out the latter.
Step 6. Unscrew the nuts securing the front shock absorber from the side of the expansion tank 3 and remove the plate on which the adsorber is mounted. This step is only needed if the part has been completely removed from the power system.
Malfunctions, symptoms and solutions
There are two problems with the adsorber in the VAZ-2114 due to the extreme simplicity of the design: it is clogged or the electromagnetic valve does not work. If this part is broken, then the following problems may appear in the operation of the car:
- Unstable engine idling (revs float). To check, disconnect the hose between the throttle assembly and the purge valve and plug it. A candle, for example. If the engine speed does not become normal, then the adsorber is clogged.
- When unscrewing the gas tank plug, hissing is heard or gasoline vapor squeezes it out of the filler neck.
- Poor acceleration due to lower pressure in the fuel line. If the purge valve is faulty, no atmospheric air enters the tank. This leads to the fact that with the engine running in the gas tank, a vacuum is created that interferes with the operation of the fuel rail. Also, a strong vacuum can cause the tank to be severely deformed by atmospheric pressure.
- No repeated clicks during overclocking.
The purge valve can be checked as follows. A voltage of 12 volts must be applied to the power connector (the place where the wires are connected from the computer). For example, using 2 wires connected to the "plus" and "minus" of the battery. If the part is serviceable, then the mechanism will respond with a click. Otherwise, the item needs to be replaced.
The second way to check the efficiency of the adsorber valve on the VAZ-2114 is to blow it. To do this, blow into the fitting for the inlet hose. If air freely leaves the valve outlet, then it must be replaced.
Complete removal of the adsorber from the power system
Some owners of the VAZ 2114 decide to completely remove this part from their car for reasons of economy and prevention of future malfunctions. There are two ways to do this.
Method 1. After the adsorber is completely removed from the VAZ-2114, the hose leading to the throttle assembly is closed with a plug. A fuel filter from any VAZ carburetor motor is inserted into the hose going from the gas tank to the adsorber.
Method 2. The adsorber is removed together with the support. Hoses previously attached to it are blocked by plugs. A small hole (1-2 mm) is drilled in a standard gas tank plug to connect the cavity with the atmosphere. Also, to depressurize the fuel tank, you can use the cover from the carburetor "eight" or "nine".
After upgrading the power system, it may be necessary to update the firmware of the engine control unit, since it will perceive the absence of an adsorber as a malfunction in the engine and switch to emergency operation. This threatens to significantly reduce the traction qualities of the car.
The adsorber in the VAZ-2114 is an important element in the engine's power system, which can slightly reduce fuel consumption and eliminate the smell of gasoline in the cabin.