Various pathologies of the cervix are now detected in every second woman. About 10% of them are nabotovy cysts. This diagnosis is scary for many. In fact, you should not be afraid of it; it is better to start treatment immediately.
The concept of the casing
Nabotova cervical cyst - what is it? The cervical canal, which is part of the cervix, contains a large number of glands. They continuously produce thick mucus. This secret, like a cork, closes the cervical canal. It performs 2 important functions:
- prevents infections from reaching the internal genital organs;
- regulates the “entrance gate” of the uterus due to the changing consistency of mucus.
When the exit from the nabothal gland is blocked due to obstruction of the duct, it begins to swell. The result is a cavity filled with secretion. This is the cervix cyst.
Why is duct obstruction possible?
The cervix is a narrow canal that is lined with epithelial cells in the form of cylinders. The outer part of it goes into the vagina. It is also protected from mechanical damage and infections by the epithelium layer, but it is represented by flat cells. Cylindrical and squamous epithelium differ among themselves not only in the shape of the cells. They have different properties. If the squamous epithelium is well tolerated by the weakly acidic environment of the vagina, then the cylindrical epithelium is destroyed by the action of acid.
Among the main causes of obstruction of the duct of the nasal glands, doctors consider:
- Sloughing of the flat elements of the vaginal epithelium and their penetration into the cervical canal.
- Inflammation of the cylindrical epithelium as a result of contact with the acidic environment of the vagina.
Nabotov cervical cysts should not be confused with other similar formations - endometrioid. The cells of the uterine mucosa participate in the formation of the latter. In case of endometriosis, the uterine mucosa begins to grow inside the cervical canal. This forms cysts filled with blood. The woman has a menstrual cycle disorder (delayed menstruation, uncharacteristic discharge between them).
True and nabotov cervical cysts
In the photo, the pathology practically does not differ from ordinary or true neoplasms. However, it has significant differences at once according to several criteria:
- Capsule. The capsule formations considered in the article do not. It is replaced by the wall of the gland. Due to constant overstretching, it becomes very thin. In a true cyst, a capsule consists of several layers of cells that differ in their ability to divide.
- The size. The diameter of the nabot cysts usually does not exceed 1 cm. True formations due to its multicellular capsule can grow to large sizes.
- Regression. Nabotov cysts can resolve on their own, but this rarely happens. True formations do not show the ability to involution.
- Amount. Nabotov cysts are most often plural.
These signs help to answer the question "Nabotova cervical cyst - what is it?".
Causes of pathology
The exact causes of neoplasms have not been studied well enough. The following factors can lead to the formation of nabot cysts on the cervix:
- hormonal disorder;
- inflammatory pathologies in the vagina and uterus (colpitis, vaginitis, adnexitis);
- erosion.
In addition, non-observance of personal hygiene and frequent change of partners also contribute to the occurrence of pathology. Education is most often detected in women older than 40 years.
Clinical picture
Single and even multiple nabotov cysts of the cervix have a size from a few mm to 1-2 cm. In the absence of timely treatment, they can grow up to 3 cm. Outwardly, they resemble yellowish rounded formations. Usually detected by chance, for example, during a gynecological examination on a chair.
Small cysts practically do not cause characteristic symptoms. A woman may complain of slight discomfort during intimacy due to dry vagina. Due to clogging of the ducts, the amount of mucus produced is sharply reduced.
The danger of pathology is that the tumor can become inflamed. As a result, pus appears in the mucus. Infection quickly enters the uterus and appendages, causing the development of diseases such as endometritis and salpingitis. When pus forms in the cyst, the woman rises in temperature. Many complain of pain in the lower abdomen, the appearance of mucous secretions with a greenish or yellowish tinge.
The course of pathology during pregnancy
Small cervical cysts of the cervix during pregnancy do not pose a threat to the health of the woman or the condition of the fetus. If the doctor found a pathology after conception, treatment is prescribed after childbirth. They usually wait 40 days. During this period, vaginal discharge should completely disappear.
However, doctors warn that tumors of this etiology sometimes lead to the following complications:
- A hormonal shift can provoke the growth of a cyst, which will lead to the opening of the neck and early childbirth. In the initial stages, he often causes a miscarriage.
- During the immediate birth, a cyst with a purulent secretion may burst, which is dangerous for the baby. Therefore, such a neoplasm is immediately removed.
To avoid these complications, every woman should undergo a medical examination before planning the child. If the doctor detects multiple neoplasms, he will immediately prescribe treatment.
Diagnostic Methods
If symptoms appear that indicate nabotov cysts of the cervix, you should consult a gynecologist. To identify the pathology, an examination on the chair with the help of special mirrors is enough. Single instances are localized quite deeply. Moreover, other diseases may have a similar clinical picture. Therefore, additional diagnostic methods are used:
- Smears. Taking secretion from the walls of the cervix is used to assess the state of microflora. Also, using a smear, you can detect the presence of inflammatory and infectious processes.
- Hormonal blood screening. Used to exclude hormonal disorders.
- Ultrasonography. Allows to detect nabotovy cysts in the cervical canal. In addition, ultrasound is used to identify pathological processes in the uterus and appendages, which could cause the appearance of neoplasms.
- Colposcopy. Through a special device, the gynecologist examines the cervix. With this diagnostic method, nabotovy cysts are visible very well.
- Biopsy. It is used in extreme cases, when other diagnostic methods turned out to be uninformative.
After confirming the preliminary diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment. With single neoplasms, specific therapy, as a rule, is not required. Only medical supervision is required every 3 months. When the condition is complicated by an infectious process or there are multiple cysts, appropriate treatment is selected. It may be of a medicinal or surgical nature.
Drug treatment
First of all, it should be noted that drug therapy does not contribute to the resorption of cysts of the nasal glands of the cervix. It is used only before surgery to prepare the patient and after him in order to prevent complications.
As a rule, drugs from the following groups are used:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Nise). They are necessary to relieve inflammation during wound healing in the postoperative period. They are also used to relieve pain.
- Desensitizing agents ("Depantol", "Suporon"). They help to recover after surgical intervention to damaged areas of the cervical mucosa.
- Antiseptics ("Furacilin", "Chlorhexidine"). They are used in the form of suppositories and douching solutions for the purpose of disinfection of the genital tract.
- Antibacterial drugs (Terzhinan, Metronidazole). Necessary for the prevention of secondary infection after removing cervical cysts.
At the stage of rehabilitation after surgery, a woman is additionally prescribed a course of vitamin preparations. They are necessary to maintain immunity and the rapid restoration of damaged tissues.
Surgical intervention
The treatment of cervical cysts is performed on an outpatient basis. There is no need for the patient to go to the hospital, it is enough to visit the antenatal clinic.
Surgical removal of neoplasms is reduced to their excision. First, the capsule is pierced, then the cavity is cleaned and cauterized. Today, several methods are used for this purpose:
- endoscopic removal;
- laser excision;
- electrocoagulation;
- cryocoagulation;
- radio wave therapy.
Most often, doctors choose the treatment with the latter option. Radio wave therapy is especially recommended for nulliparous women, since the intervention does not leave scarring on the tissues, and the cervix does not deform. This procedure is absolutely painless. It is carried out on any day of the cycle. However, during menstruation, as well as 3 days before and after them, it is better to refuse treatment.
Help traditional medicine
Prescriptions for folk doctors can only be used as an addition to the main course of therapy. Such treatment is aimed at relieving inflammation in the area of the pharynx of the cervical canal. Therefore, the herbs and plants used must have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. The following are the most popular recipes.
- Douching by sage. Two teaspoons of grass need to be brewed in a glass of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and strain. The douching procedure is recommended before bedtime. Sage has antimicrobial properties. However, the plant is a phytoestrogen, therefore treatment is permissible only in the first phase of the cycle.
- Douching with a camomile. You can do it at any phase of the female cycle except for the time when menstruation is in progress. A bag of chamomile should be brewed in a glass of boiling water, cool. The procedure is recommended twice a day. After each time, you need to remain in a lying position for about an hour.
The treatment of cervical cysts by folk remedies should be agreed with the gynecologist. Self-selected therapy can adversely affect the work of the endocrine system, exacerbating the course of the underlying pathology.
Prognosis for recovery
Nabotov cysts rarely transform into malignant formations. Therefore, the prognosis for life is positive. The presence of a large number of diverse treatment options and timely diagnosis make the outcome of therapy favorable. It is important not to neglect the advice of a doctor. This is especially true of nulliparous ladies. During pregnancy, the risk of enlarged cysts increases several times. This, in turn, is dangerous by suppuration and rupture of neoplasms.
Prevention Methods
You can prevent the development of pathology if factors that provoke the appearance of cysts are avoided. Standard preventive measures include:
- timely detection and treatment of inflammatory processes in the organs of the reproductive system;
- exclusion of abortion;
- prevention of casual intimate contacts;
- following the recommendations of the doctor after operations on the cervix;
- regular visits to the gynecologist for preventive purposes.
Nabotov cysts on the cervix, the photo of which is presented just above, do not carry a threat to the health of a woman. However, the course of the pathological process does not exclude the appearance of unpleasant consequences. We are talking about cervical deformity and blockage of the cervical canal. As a result, problems with conceiving a child may appear. Therefore, you cannot run the problem.