The diagnosis of "low placentation" is established on the basis of ultrasound screening and obstetric examination. Routine ultrasound screening of pregnant women helps to identify the pathology on time and, if necessary, prescribe the necessary treatment. What types of pathology are there? Can you handle it?
Placenta on the front wall
A low placenta along the anterior wall is a situation where the embryo attaches to the wall at the bottom of the uterus and is located 6 cm from the exit from it.
This phenomenon is dangerous as follows:
- A growing embryo presses on the front of the uterus.
- There is a risk of detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall and the occurrence of vaginal bleeding, which, in turn, without adequate assistance usually leads to the death of the embryo.
- Inadequate supply of oxygen to the embryo.
Causes of occurrence:
- damage to the uterine mucosa;
- postoperative sutures;
- anatomical features.
Treatment of this phenomenon is not carried out. It is recommended not to aggravate the situation.
It is necessary to abandon sex and physical activity. If bleeding is detected, consult a doctor immediately. Do not miss trips to specialists and ultrasound. When following these recommendations, the situation improves in the third trimester.
Why and why is low placentation dangerous? Sometimes during childbirth, emergency medical intervention is required. Namely, the amniotic bladder is pierced. If the fetal life is in danger, a cesarean section is possible.
However, this diagnosis cannot be a factor leading to early termination of pregnancy. It is only necessary to strictly follow the advice of doctors.
Rear placement: features
Low placentation on the posterior wall is safer for the fetus than on the anterior. Since in this case:
- The absolute immobility of the placenta is ensured, which reduces the risk of inflammation, detachment.
- The risk of injury to the mother and fetus is reduced.
- Shocks and movements are felt easier, viral and inflammatory agents almost do not penetrate the fetus, negative environmental factors less affect the health of the child.
- The likelihood of birth injuries due to previa is minimized.
- There is a chance to give birth naturally.
- Complete safety in the presence of uterine scars.
- Occurs in cases where the first child was born using cesarean section.
Causes of pathology
Experts do not determine the exact reason why a pregnant woman may develop low placentation.
But still, several most likely factors stand out:
- Anatomy of the reproductive system.
- Past vascular diseases, infectious or inflammatory processes.
- Surgery This includes abortion.
- Congenital physical abnormalities of the fetus.
- Acquired due to exposure to negative pathology factors.
- The age of the patient.
- The presence in the history of uterine fibroids.
- The first obstetric aid.
- Ovarian inflammation, cyst formation.
- Anemia.
Risk group
The risk group for the development of a low-lying placenta includes:
- Late birth (women over 35 years old).
- Those patients who suffered complex infectious and inflammatory diseases in adulthood.
- Expectant mothers carrying more than one child at the same time.
- Women with a history of uterus.
- Young girls regularly subjected to serious overloads (athletes engaged in hazardous work).
Symptoms
It is noted that a pregnant woman with such placentation may develop late gestosis, and low blood pressure is noted. In addition, the child does not have enough oxygen for full development. But if the location is not entirely critical, a woman may not notice any significant signs of low placentation.
A woman may notice the appearance of symptoms that are usually characteristic of the abortion process:
- cutting or pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
- discharge with a small amount of blood.
During the gestation of a pregnant woman, it is important to monitor health, since in most cases, detachment of the placenta at the initial stage does not have any particular pain. But this condition can be very harmful to the child.
Diagnostics
At the first ultrasound examination at the 12-16th week of pregnancy, the doctor can determine the presence of a low location of the placenta and its degree. Also, during the study, it is necessary to assess the level of blood flow in the vessels, the size of the placenta, and the condition of the fetus as a whole. The determination of this anomaly in the first trimester of gestation is not critical, since the placenta grows with the baby, and can shift during pregnancy.
Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of “low placentation” by ultrasound performed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy at weeks 20-22 and 32-34, respectively. It often happens that closer to the birth, the placenta can move up and take a normal position by the beginning of the birth. If the patient has spotting, an obstetric examination is performed in a gynecological chair.
With a pronounced degree of low placentation, the doctor can palpate the edge or even a small part of the placenta through the internal pharynx. In this case, careful monitoring of the pregnant woman and the resolution of the issue of delivery is necessary.
Low Accommodation Treatment
The decisive role in pregnancy is the placenta. She protects the fetus. With the help of the placenta, the fetus receives the necessary protection and nutrition. But, unfortunately, with the development of the placenta, various deviations are possible, which include its low location.
With this development of the placenta, there is a danger of abnormal development of the fetus. The fetus does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients necessary for its development.
Unfortunately, there is still no effective medication for low placentation during pregnancy.
But still there are a number of rules necessary for implementation:
- Any physical activity is absolutely forbidden. You must forget about jumping, running, carrying heavy loads or abrupt movements.
- You should completely abandon sexual activity.
- A regular visit to the gynecologist is recommended. At the recommendation of a doctor, immediately lie down for preservation. In this way, a miscarriage can be avoided.
- If bleeding symptoms appear, consult a doctor immediately.
- In the supine position, it is imperative to place pillows under the legs.
Thus, in spite of all the danger, low placentation under the supervision of a physician and subject to all the advice in most cases cannot lead to serious consequences.
The bandage will improve the situation
A bandage is a tool for additional support for the abdomen in a pregnant woman. It is a prerequisite for the successful bearing of the fetus and the preservation of uterine tone, healthy back muscles.
In the normal course of pregnancy, a woman must use a bandage at low placentation to naturally raise the level of the uterus and attach the placenta in the right place.
In case of formation of structural features of the endometrium or with the appearance of pelvic presentation, bandages are prescribed strictly according to the doctor’s recommendations.
In the early stages of pregnancy with low placentation, the use of a bandage is allowed. However, not every type of therapeutic product is suitable for a future mother. In specialized stores, you should choose low-mounted models that lift the stomach from under the navel.
Women in labor who have defects in the musculoskeletal system must wear a bandage from the first to the last day of pregnancy. The obstetrician-gynecologist should consult the attending physician about the rules for its use and about the available models, based on ultrasound data.
In the event that the doctor categorically prohibits the use of bandages for the abdomen, you can use specialized seamless underwear for pregnant women. It creates the necessary support without pressure or pinching.
Appointment of obstetric care
In most cases, a woman who has a diagnosis of low placentation or pelvic presentation does not have the opportunity to give birth naturally. To conduct the birth as naturally as possible, specialists of a medical institution prescribe an additional ultrasound. The study is carried out immediately before childbirth. This allows you to make sure that the birth canal is open, and nothing prevents the passage of the child.
Self-delivery with low placentation is allowed only with the permission of specialists.
In the event that the fetal sac and placenta are completely lowered, closing the exit, a decision is made to have a cesarean section. Without such an operation, there is a real threat to the life and health of the mother and child. In this case, there is a risk of damage to the fallopian tubes and large vessels.
Each woman thinks about her health during pregnancy. After all, this will affect the life of her child.
What to do with low placentation during pregnancy
Everyone knows that the diagnosis can be made in the later stages of pregnancy. Only a small number of women will survive it.
Therefore, try the following tips:
- try to relax more;
- Do not squat and bend often;
- go to the gynecologist, go through all the necessary doctors;
- then pass all the tests.
If you feel abdominal pain, then take a horizontal position. Then call an ambulance.
Low placentation rules
Subject to these rules, the pathology may disappear:
- Stop running and other sports.
- Before you go on vacation or on a long trip, consult a gynecologist.
- Use all the necessary vitamins prescribed by a specialist.
- Forget about stress.
- Be in the fresh air more often. This is important for your body.
What are the forecasts
The medical term “low placentation” means that the baby’s place is attached quite low from the lower pharynx - about 6-8 cm. With this position of the fetus, it’s almost impossible to give birth naturally, but doctors still leave a chance for a successful outcome, as the uterus grows and stretched, rising up.