Many people, planning the next repair in the apartment, increasingly prefer wall painting. This type of finish is more relevant than ever in the population due to its economy, ease of application and a wide selection of materials. In order for the updated walls and floor to last as long as possible, you need to know what types of paints are and for what purposes they are intended.
What to look for when choosing
Before deciding to retrain as a home plasterer and start an exciting lesson - painting walls, you need to calculate the coverage area, determine the color. Then determine the necessary structure, and the last step is the most difficult stage - focusing on the types of paints, each of which meets certain requirements.
The most popular paints and varnishes
From the whole variety of materials presented on the market, three groups of the most popular can be distinguished:
- water emulsion;
- acrylic;
- latex coatings.
By mixing the compositions with each other, manufacturers produce other types of paints for floors and walls, which we will also discuss in detail. But let's start, of course, with the most popular formulations.
Water-based paint
What is a water-based coating? Everything is extremely simple - it is a paint containing polymer microparticles dissolved in water. Although it would be more correct to say that paint particles are embedded in the water. After application to the wall, almost instantaneous weathering of water molecules occurs, and at the same time, an even, dense and solid colored layer forms on the surface. The popularity of these funds among the population is due to the ease of use, beautiful appearance and the absence of a characteristic odor when applied. They are successfully used both for applying to walls, and as a floor covering. However, surface care should be carried out using dry cleaning methods. This is logical, because the paint quickly dissolves in water and can eventually come off the surface.
Water-based paint: types of coating for ceiling and walls
As we said, manufacturers successfully mix the properties of the compositions among themselves, therefore, within the water dispersion paint there are also subspecies:
- acrylic;
- silicone;
- silicate;
- acrylic latex paint.
These compositions differ among themselves by a binder, as well as by methods of preparation. We will analyze their properties so as not to make a mistake with the choice of paint for repair.
Acrylic water based paint
The main advantage of this coating is its high water resistance. Successfully apply it on concrete, brick, plastered surfaces, as well as on top of drywall. The composition is extremely popular for interior decorating due to the complete absence of toxicity and the release of a characteristic odor during application. In other words, the material is suitable for use even in a residential area. The paint will not be able to cause any harm to health and sound sleep. The advantages of acrylic water-emulsion composition include the relative cheapness, brightness and richness of shades, and resistance to external (including water) influences. But even if the paint is resistant to the effects of cleaning, this does not mean at all that it does not need to be spared. The more carefully you take care of the surface, the longer the coating can serve you.
Silicone water based paint
We continue to analyze the types of paints for potential repairs. The silicone compound is perhaps the most sought-after and most modern of those presented by us. This trend is due to the fact that when creating the coating, all the positive properties of not only water-dispersible compositions, but also acrylic and silicate were taken as a basis. Silicone resins, which are part of the coating, are powerful emulsifiers that form a durable water-repellent film on the surface of the applied layer. It is in silicone strong formulations that the types of paints for outdoor use have gained a powerful competitor. They are successfully used for painting facades of buildings and other construction objects.
Silicate aqueous emulsion formulations
These compounds are quite versatile and suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Used for coating plaster, concrete, cement, brick, and also on top of the old paint layer. To find color silicate paint, you need to work hard, because most manufacturers prefer white compounds. Therefore, often this type of coating acts as a base, on top of the layer of which water-based paint of the required shade is applied.
Acrylic latex water based paint
This composition is similar in quality to acrylic, with only one difference. Latex is added to the structure of the coating. Therefore, ordinary acrylic paint acquires additional properties: elasticity, resilience, resistance to physical and water influences. If you choose the types of paint for the walls, regardless of the cost, then you should pay close attention to this particular type. The quality, durability and bright color of the coating are ensured, and wet cleaning can be done even with the use of detergents. Of course, for the high quality of the goods you need to pay more.
If you need to paint a large area
Suppose you are faced with the task of not repairing and refreshing the walls in a single room, but rather painting a large area object, internal or external. In addition, you are limited in funds and would like to know which of all the presented formulations will be the most economical, strong and durable, and most importantly, safe for the health of households. Pay attention to water-based paints. They are capable of staining large surfaces without harm to health, and besides, they are sold at a reasonable price. Such compositions have an undeniable advantage: in addition, they do not require the purchase of solvents, because the water base itself is such.
Acrylic paints
We continue to study the types of paints and varnishes. We have already met with water-based acrylic compositions. Now consider exclusively acrylic compositions. Choose this look if you want a matte wall surface. You don’t have any difficulties in choosing shades due to the fact that acrylic paints occupy the lion's share of the assortment in any construction supermarket, the spectrum of shades of which can amaze even the most sophisticated designer. If your goal is a bright, unusual matte wall with a durable coating, then this is exactly what you were looking for.
The technical characteristics of the product make it possible to judge its resistance not only to wet cleaning, but also to the appearance of traces of soot and greasy stains that playful baby hands can leave. However, more details about the technical characteristics are still worth reading by reading about them on the packaging. The manufacturer usually indicates in the list of characteristics all the positive qualities of the composition.
Latex paint
But if the purpose of your repair is glossy durable surfaces, then there are practically no alternatives to latex paints on the modern market. By the way, the technique of combining textures and applying matte and glossy compositions to different sections of the walls is a very popular trend in interior design. In this case, the types of paints can complement each other, making up a harmonious, stylish, multi-texture, but monophonic coating. What is the advantage of modern latex paints? A glossy surface can be achieved in just one application. Paint lays evenly and thinly, it can even be applied to wallpaper. Designers also like to use this technique when decorating interiors. Act as a professional, coming up with unusual stylish types of apartment decoration with the help of an original reception. The degree of gloss is usually indicated on the packaging with the paint and is expressed in digital terms. Moreover, the higher the numerical value, the, respectively, the higher the degree of gloss. The strength and durability of the coating of this type of paint is due to high technical characteristics.
Oil paints
Now let's talk about the good old oil coatings, which have been practically pushed back by the latest technologies. Different types of oil paints are made on the basis of drying oil and have a specific, familiar to everyone from childhood, long-lasting odor. Not so long ago, this type of paints and varnishes was indeed the most popular, applied in several layers, forming a thick protective film on the treated surfaces. The oil composition was used as flooring on sheets of plywood and chipboard, on window frames, on doors, walls and ceilings in private homes, in public institutions. The composition dries for a very long time and you have to wait almost a day before applying a new layer.
The cause of delayed drying is poor air flow. That is why, over time, a surface painted with oil paint can crack. And to re-apply the coating, you have to manually remove the old islands of paint. For these purposes use abrasive materials or solvents. Such paint does not have increased environmental friendliness, and recently, taking into account the increased competition in the market of goods and manufacturers, it is mainly used for painting metal surfaces and elements.
Enamels
Enamel paints are available on the basis of varnishes. There are a lot of types of enamels, among them there are alkyd, polyurethane, melamine, nitro enamels and other types of coating. Best used on rough surfaces due to the best adhesion between structures. Dry within a day after application, have a specific chemical smell. After opening the packaging, the paint is suitable for use for another year. Enamel formulations must be diluted with solutions specially designed for this purpose.
Types of powder paints and their application
Two types of powder paints are distinguished: thermosetting and thermoplastic. Of thermosetting compounds, epoxy coatings are widely used. They are formed by chemical reactions during heat treatment in special polymerization chambers. They are used as a decorative protective coating in the interior and exterior. Epoxy powder paints are elastic, resistant to external natural and chemical influences, but with time they can worsen their appearance and become yellow during operation.
Thermoplastic powder paints are obtained by thermal heating and melting in a polymerization chamber without the influence of chemical reactions. They are used as anti-corrosion, electrical insulating and anti-friction coatings.
There are hybrid types of powder paints - epoxy-polyester compositions that incorporate all the advantages of their predecessors, and during operation they retain their excellent decorative qualities for a long time. Applied as a finish to internal and external elements. The scope of the compositions is wide: from facades, window profiles and roofing to heating appliances and fittings.