Tver is a Russian city on the banks of the Volga, the center of the region of the same name. It is located only 178 kilometers from Moscow. The population of Tver and the region is 1.3 million people. The city is an important industrial, cultural and scientific center, as well as a transportation hub.
Tver population dynamics
The city originated in the 12th century. The first mentions of Tver as a trade and craft settlement on the Volga River date back to 1164. Initially, the city belonged to Novgorod, and then - to the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. In the 14-15 centuries, Tver was a large commercial, craft and cultural center of North-Eastern Russia. In 1485, she entered the Moscow state. In 1627, about one and a half thousand people lived in the city.
The heyday of the village began with the advent of the Moscow-Petersburg road. In 1787, the population of Tver was already 15100 people. Over the next hundred years, the population increased five times. By the end of the 19th century, the population of Tver reached 54 thousand people. The city suffered significant losses during the First and Second World Wars. In 1950, the population was 194.3 thousand people. Over the next 23 years, it doubled.
By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the population of Tver already exceeded 450 thousand people. During the period of independence of the Russian Federation, this figure has significantly decreased. In 2000, 455 thousand people lived in the city, and in 2003 - only 408900. In the last five years, there has been a positive trend in increasing the population of Tver. In 2011, 404 thousand people lived in the city, in 2016 - 416.
Key demographic indicators
The population of the city is dominated by women. The share of men in the total number of residents of Tver is 44.3%. About 15% of the population are younger than able-bodied, 25% - older than him. Thus, the majority of the population is economically active.
For the first time, the administrative-territorial division of the city was approved in 1936. Changes to it were made in 1965, and then - in 1976. Even then, Tver was divided into four districts. The most populated is Zavolzhsky. 144 thousand people live in it. In second place for this indicator is the Moscow region. 123 thousand people live in it. On the third - Proletarian, on the fourth - Central. Inside Tver, historical areas are also distinguished. Many of them were independent settlements before they became part of the city.
A large number of young people seek to leave the city for the capital. This weakens the demographic potential of Tver. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the most gifted ones most often leave. However, recently the outflow began to be compensated by migrants, who replenish the population of Tver and the region. Among them, Ukrainians, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Armenians and Moldavians predominate. Migrants from Iran, Syria and India are regularly registered in Tver.
Ethnic composition
The All- Russian population census, which was carried out in 2010, showed that the majority of Tver residents consider themselves Russian. About 5 thousand people are Ukrainians. Other ethnic groups are also represented. Among them are Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Belarusians, Tatars, Karelians, Uzbeks, Tajiks. The share of Chuvashs, Jews, Germans, Mordovians, Georgians, Bashkirs, Kazakhs and others is insignificant. There are Azerbaijani and Armenian dynasties in Tver.
Employment
In Tver, the number of workforce aged 15 to 72 years in 2016 amounted to 689 thousand people. The employment rate among them is 66%. This indicator has decreased by 1% over the past five years. The unemployment rate in Tver is 6%. Most people are engaged in wholesale and retail trade, repair of vehicles. In 2015, 103.5 thousand residents of the city worked in this sector. Quite a lot of people are also employed in the manufacturing industry. In 2015, 98.6 thousand people worked in this area. In third place in terms of the number of employees is agriculture and forestry. 59 thousand inhabitants work in this sector.
Approximately the same number of people are employed in such fields as construction, transport and communications, social security, education, and healthcare. The smallest labor force is employed in household activities and fishing. Over the past five years, the share of workers has increased in such areas as construction, wholesale and retail trade, hotel and restaurant business, real estate operations. Thus, the global trend is respected. The number of people employed in agriculture and industry is decreasing, while in the service sector it is growing.