Probably every person has had a toothache at least once in his life. This is an unpleasant sensation, which can be a symptom of a pathology, therefore, the intervention of a dentist will be required. But many do not want to see a specialist because of a fear of pain. But there is anesthesia of the tooth, which helps to alleviate the human condition. This will be discussed in the article.
Types of Anesthesia
Tooth anesthesia is local, general, drug and non-drug. The latter type is used very rarely. This is hypnosis, audioanalgesia and electroanalgesia.
Tooth anesthesia blocks pain impulses. Due to this, a temporary loss of sensitivity of individual tissues occurs. After some time, the drug is eliminated from the body and the sensitivity of the surgical site is restored.
General anesthesia is rarely used. The main indication for the procedure is the poor tolerance of local funds, an extensive list of dental work. Local anesthesia is usually chosen when anesthetic is injected into the treatment site. This method of anesthesia is used for adults and children.
Types of Local Anesthesia
Local anesthesia of the teeth is of the following types:
- Application. The procedure freezes the surface layer of tissue. For this purpose, creams are applied to the gum, a spray with “Lidocaine 10%”. Application is performed before the injection. Thanks to this, the procedure will be less painful. Application anesthesia is used to treat stomatitis, gingivitis and other infectious diseases of the oral mucosa.
- Infiltration. The main difference of this method is considered to be gentle effect. With the help of infiltration anesthesia, a loss of sensitivity of a limited area occurs. The method is used during the treatment of teeth of the upper jaw, since the drug is distributed more efficiently in these structures.
- Conductor. Anesthesia is designed to freeze large areas. This type of anesthesia is required for the loss of sensitivity of several elements that are far from each other. It is used for pulpitis, complex caries, opening of purulent capsules, periodontitis. After the introduction of the drug, there is a loss of sensitivity of the entire nerve bundle of the site.
- Intraligamental. The method is used in pediatric dentistry. The drug is injected into the space between the alveoli and the root of the tooth. Mucous membranes do not lose sensitivity.
- The stem. The procedure is performed in a hospital. It is required for injuries of the maxillofacial apparatus, neuralgic pains. An injection is made at the base of the bones of the skull to ensure loss of sensitivity of both jaws. Anesthesia lasts longer and more effective compared to other types of anesthesia.
- Intraosseous. This type of tooth anesthesia is required when it is removed. Perform it in several stages. First, an anesthetic is injected into the gum, and then into the jawbone. The freezing effect is faster than other types of anesthesia.
Are teeth treated with anesthesia? For most dental diseases, this procedure is mandatory in order to alleviate the human condition. And what kind of anesthesia to choose, the doctor should decide.
Act
Local anesthesia involves the administration of an anesthetic with a syringe. The procedure allows you to reduce the sensitivity of a particular area where dental surgery will be performed.
The active components block impulses that are transmitted to the brain via nerve endings. But the person will be conscious and does not feel pain even with surgical intervention. This causes only a feeling of numbness in the area into which the agent was administered.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantage of local anesthesia is the absence of pain during the procedure. This anesthesia lasts 1-2 hours, which is suitable for a small amount of dental work. Of the advantages of such anesthesia, it is distinguished that it is suitable for pregnant women, as well as for diseases of the heart and blood vessels. For this, special means are used, for example, Artikain. Another advantage is the convenience for the patient and the doctor. But it is important to consider that there can be allergic reactions to painkillers. Therefore, the patient needs to know what means he is allergic to.
The disadvantages include the presence of contraindications. Local anesthesia is prohibited in diabetes mellitus and renal failure. The disadvantage is the short exposure time, especially if the procedure is serious. If the dentist can not perform all the work during the period of action of the product, then you need to postpone the work to the next appointment, since the second administration of the medication is dangerous to health.
Indications
Can teeth be treated with anesthesia? This procedure is necessary when:
- treatment of medium and deep caries;
- pulp removal;
- surgical interventions;
- implantation of prostheses;
- installation of some orthodontic appliances.
Do tooth anesthesia for superficial caries? In this case, anesthesia can also be used. Enamel and dentin layer are sensitive areas, so pain during drilling is often felt.
If before the visit to the dentist there was severe stress, but at night it is advisable to take a sedative - Valerian or Afobazole extract. Dental treatment should be postponed for weakness associated with acute respiratory viral infections. It is undesirable to perform dental procedures during menstruation. At this time, a strong nervous excitability appears. In addition, during surgical intervention on “critical days”, it can lead to prolonged bleeding.
Limitations
Dental anesthesia cannot be performed with:
- allergies to drugs, so before treatment, patients should notify the doctor about side effects on freezing;
- metabolic disturbances - in these cases, an individual calculation of the amount of the administered drug is required;
- childhood - lower doses are used for children.
Painkillers
Several drugs are used in tooth anesthesia: Ultracain, Ubistesin, Septanest, Scandonest. Each tool has its own characteristics:
- Ultracaine is produced with and without epinephrine. Due to the lack of a vasoconstrictor, the duration of freezing is 15-20 minutes. The drug is used for children and pregnant women. Contraindications include heart failure, hormonal disruptions.
- "Ubistezin." Available in 2 forms, which differ in the concentration of epinephrine. The duration of the anesthetic is 40 minutes. The drug is used for patients who have heart problems and high blood pressure.
- "Septanest". The tool includes adrenaline, articaine, preservatives. It can not be used in pain relief for allergy sufferers, but it is used during pregnancy and lactation. The duration of the action is 45 minutes.
- "Scandonest." There are no preservatives in it, so there are few contraindications. The tool is used in the treatment of teeth with diabetes mellitus, diseases of the thyroid gland, heart vessels. The action is 40 minutes.
Tool selection
Is it harmful to treat teeth with anesthesia? The answer to this question depends on the correct choice of a suitable tool. For allergies and asthma, it is advisable to use a medication that does not include preservatives, for example, Ultracain D, and also not to use drugs with sodium disulfite. In case of diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction, the dentist must choose an anesthetic without vasoconstrictor substances (Ultracain D, Scandonest).
At high pressure and pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, the teeth should be anesthetized with a concentrated solution - Ultracaina DS or Ubistesin. If there is a heart disease or severe hypertension, drugs with adrenaline are prohibited. In these cases, it is better to choose "Ultracain D".
Completely healthy people need anesthetics with epinephrine at a concentration of 1: 100000. Adults need to enter up to 7 capsules at the same time without harm to health. When breastfeeding , injections of “Ubistesin” 1: 20,000 or “Ultracaina SD” are performed. These drugs are safe and pregnant.
The concentration of the active component in anesthetics does not have a negative effect on the fetus. During pregnancy and lactation, do not give up funds with vasoconstrictor components. Adrenaline helps to slow down the absorption of active substances, which reduces the concentration of the drug used in the pregnant woman.
Training
Before anesthesia when removing a tooth or other dental procedure, preparation is required. The day before this, alcohol consumption should be excluded. In pregnant women, contraindications to the means used must be identified, if necessary, they are replaced with analogues.
Fully healthy people are allowed to take a sedative before anesthesia. For this, herbal and pharmacological preparations are used. Take the medicine 15-20 minutes before the procedure.
Duration of anesthesia
How long does anesthesia go after tooth treatment? The answer to this question depends on the type of tool used. Preparations for application anesthesia last no more than 2-3 minutes. If the injection is carried out in the upper jaw, then the action lasts 2.5 hours. The interval can be different depending on the age of the person, the activity of his internal organs and the depth of administration of the drug.
How long does anesthesia take after tooth extraction if the drug was injected into the lower jaw? If the injections are performed in the deep layers of the tissues, then the analgesic effect can last up to 4 hours or more. The time interval depends on the type of tooth over which work was carried out, as well as on individual characteristics.
If the numbness does not disappear for more than a day, then you need to see a doctor. If anesthesia was used for the child, then it is important for parents to monitor his condition for 1-2 days. After treating a tooth with anesthesia, adults should not drive vehicles or engage in work that requires increased attention. After the procedure, it is not advisable to engage in active sports and physical activity for 2-3 hours.
After freezing
What can be done to restore the condition faster after tooth anesthesia? To remove the symptoms of anesthesia will not work with medications. After tooth anesthesia, warm compresses can be used. It is impossible to warm the treated area with hot objects: this leads to a bacterial infection. It is allowed to cover the damaged area with a warm scarf ironed on both sides. Under the influence of heat, vasodilation occurs and anesthesia is faster.
After anesthesia, do not drink alcohol. Patients should give up alcohol for 3-5 days after this, especially after tooth extraction. The aggressive components of alcoholic beverages corrode the protective clot that appears on the wound site. After its destruction, pathogenic bacteria enter the deep layers of the gums.
Effects
Sometimes after anesthesia the tooth hurts. In this case, you can drink non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Nimesil, Nise, Nurofen. Taking painkillers, it should be borne in mind that the period of their use should not be more than 3-4 days. Prolonged pain may be symptoms indicating complications when medical attention is required.
In addition to pain, after anesthesia during tooth extraction or its treatment, there may be other complications, manifested in the form of:
- violations of the digestive tract;
- skin allergies;
- malaise;
- headache.
Severe consequences appear when the dosage of the drug is inappropriate. In this case, there is a risk:
- damage to the nerve bundle;
- necrosis of nerve cells;
- anaphylactic shock;
- fatal outcome.
In order to prevent these complications, you need to follow the recommendations of the dentist after the treatment: do not eat, drink alcohol. If anesthesia does not go away after 24 hours, then an ambulance is needed. In the hospital, an antidote is administered that eliminates anesthesia in half an hour.
After tooth extraction
After the "departure" of anesthesia, the wound that appeared from the extracted tooth may hurt. In such cases, painkillers are taken. Doctors often advise using Ketanov. This tool is able to stop severe pain, including postoperative. It is taken 1 tablet every 6 hours. But you need to use the medication for no more than 7 days.
Side effects in the form of drowsiness, dyspeptic symptoms, increased dry mouth and heart palpitations are also likely. If the patient has such ailments as bronchial asthma, a stomach ulcer or duodenal ulcer, kidney problems, you should not use such a drug. It is also prohibited for pregnant, lactating women.
In the first day after tooth extraction, rinse your mouth with nothing. It is also impossible to take alcohol, drink hotter. And if after 3 days the swelling and pain reappeared, an urgent visit to the dentist is required.
In pediatric dentistry
Anesthesia of the tooth is used for children, if there are indications for this and there are no contraindications, although many drugs are potent. In modern clinics, amide anesthetic drugs are used that have a minimal allergenic potential (Scandonest, Ultracain in small doses). These anesthetics anesthetize at any time, depending on the period that is required to complete the work. Anesthesia for children is used at any age.
If the child is afraid of the needle, then preparatory procedures are performed, including psychological support and medical anesthesia with a gel or spray. Especially in demand is a special gel that has a sweet or fruity flavor, therefore it is often used in the treatment of children and adolescents. The gel provides application analgesia. Therefore, using it solves several problems.
During pregnancy
In the treatment of teeth during pregnancy, for anesthesia, agents with a moderate concentration of vasoconstrictor components that slow the penetration of the anesthetic into the blood and placenta should be used. On this issue, you must consult your dentist.
When breastfeeding
It is believed that dental anesthesia is prohibited during this period. But this is not so, since modern anesthetic agents are not harmful to mom and baby. Therefore, nursing mothers are not forbidden to treat teeth with anesthesia. This is not only permitted, but recommended.
If necessary, it is necessary to engage in dental treatment during lactation, because constant discomfort and pain affect the quality and quantity of milk worse than anesthesia of the tooth during breastfeeding. Modern drugs have a short duration of action, they are not toxic, they are not considered an allergen, therefore they are absolutely safe for children.
Before treatment, a woman should notify the dentist about breastfeeding. In this case, the specialist can choose the optimal set of anesthetics and their number. Anesthesia of teeth during lactation can protect a woman from stress, pain, nervous shocks. But is it possible to breastfeed after such a procedure? This is allowed, since even potent drugs are excreted from the body for 5-6 hours.
Thus, tooth anesthesia is a mandatory procedure for many dental procedures. She will not feel pain, discomfort. And what kind of anesthesia to use, the doctor must decide based on the patient's condition.