Goods that are distributed on the domestic market must necessarily meet the standards established by the state. A similar requirement is connected with the need to ensure the safety and quality of products for the Russian population. To make sure that the purchased goods comply with the established technical regulations, the buyer has the right to require special documents.
Documentary evidence of commercial quality under 44-FZ
Product certification is now becoming ubiquitous. There is nothing surprising in this, since it is important to know which document confirms the quality of the goods. The presence of the certificate allows you to confirm the high quality of the product, its safety for the population. In turn, this leads to the fact that confidence in the product is growing, it is becoming more widespread.
By product certification is meant confirmation of the quality of products in accordance with the norms established by law, GOST, technical regulations.
GOSTs were introduced back in Soviet times. After that they were received in Russia. But since the adoption of the norm relating to technical regulation, this area has changed in a certain way.
List of papers
Currently, there are several documents that confirm the quality of the goods of the pharmacy assortment, these are:
- Declaration.
- Certificate.
It is worth noting that certification, depending on the type of product, is voluntary or mandatory.
982-P of the Government of the Russian Federation regulates the list of products subject to mandatory certification. If the manufacturer wishes, he can, on a personal initiative, receive documents confirming the quality of the goods under 44-FZ, namely a certificate.
Declaration of conformity
Unlike certificates, declarations of conformity have been specially developed for entry into the WTO. Its design is more complicated, since the country has traditionally developed the practice of processing not declarations, but certificates. Currently, the procedure for obtaining such a document is not yet fully controlled by legislation. Therefore, lawyers in this area have certain questions.
The declaration of conformity is a document that indicates that the products comply with established GOSTs and technical regulations. Initiates the process of paperwork legal entities or individual entrepreneurs. Both product manufacturers and sellers can receive it. Foreign legal entities that are involved in the production of certain products also have this opportunity.
Documents for obtaining a declaration
The declaration can be issued on a separate batch of goods, or on its mass production. To get a document confirming the quality of the goods, you need to contact the certification authorities. The applicant must present the following:
- A statement with the desire to receive a declaration.
- TIN, PSRN, other certificates.
- Technical papers on the goods.
- Articles of association.
- Protocols containing the results of tests of goods for safety and quality.
Experts advise you to apply exclusively to bodies with state accreditation.
If the products already have any declarations or certificates, they should also be prepared. If the company imports goods, it will have to present documents confirming the quality of the imported goods. That is, for such goods must also be issued a declaration.
The paper is registered within 3 days, it can act 1-5 years. The declaration itself is drawn up on A4 paper, then its registration data is entered into the Rosaccreditation registers. If an error is detected in the documents confirming the quality of the goods, the procedure will have to be repeated. If the product quality is inappropriate, penalties may apply. Impose them on the applicant. For legal entities, the minimum fine is 100 thousand rubles, the maximum - 1 million rubles.
Certificates of conformity
To obtain a certificate, you must also apply to certification bodies with appropriate accreditation. This procedure is clearly regulated by law. In accordance with the norms, certificates of conformity are classified into two varieties: mandatory and voluntary.
The company has the right to undergo voluntary certification of goods that are not subject to mandatory certification standards. Such a step is usually positively reflected in the authority of the organization and its reputation. In addition, the certificate can be used as a tool to increase the competitiveness of goods.
Voluntary certification takes place according to the GOST R system. The company independently selects the standard by which the verification will be carried out. Obtaining a document confirming the quality of goods of a voluntary nature is an exclusively voluntary step of the company.
It is worth noting that the legislation of the enterprise does not oblige to take such a step, but this provides an opportunity.
Unlike voluntary, compulsory certification implies the need to obtain a certificate of conformity before a product is launched on the market. Obligatory certification, as in the previous case, is possible in the certification bodies with accreditation. If the results show that the product does not meet the established standards, the company will be prohibited from distributing it on the market.
Additional documentation to confirm quality standards
A declaration and a certificate of conformity are not all documents confirming the quality and safety of a product. Legislation allows the use of a number of others for this purpose. These, respectively, can be:
- A certificate, certificate or certificate confirming compliance of livestock products with the established requirements.
- Certificate of quality.
- Certificate confirming the fact of state registration. This document indicates that the products for which it is issued complies with epidemiological, sanitary, hygienic requirements and standards (this paper applies to countries belonging to the EEC).
Manufacturers can also use the paper described above to confirm that the product meets regulatory standards. If the company has issued these documents confirming the quality of the goods, then this indicates that the product distributed on the market has passed all the necessary checks and examinations.
Quality control procedure
To obtain a declaration, the manufacturer must independently conduct a product quality control procedure. He can use his own research center for this, or use the services of any existing laboratory.
The employees of the certification body only confirm the information specified in the declaration, but do not conduct checks on their own. If we talk about certificates of conformity, the situation is somewhat different.
Who is responsible?
The responsibility for the information contained in the certificate lies with the certification body. This circumstance is due to the fact that the inspection is carried out not by the manufacturer, but by an accredited laboratory, which is selected by the certification body.
The person who produces and distributes the goods cannot influence the test result. To conduct an inspection, a laboratory worker selects several product samples and then checks them.
It is worth noting that the authorized representative of the laboratory selects samples for direct research at the factory, which eliminates the possible fraud on the part of manufacturers.
What is indicated in the documents?
After the inspection is completed, the manufacturer will receive documents confirming the conformity of the quality of the goods. They will indicate that the product being tested meets the technical parameters established by law, or it will be concluded that the product is of poor quality. That is, whether the organization will receive a certificate of conformity or not, directly depends on the decision made by the testing laboratory.
List of goods subject to mandatory certification
It is worth noting that the mandatory certification procedure should be carried out in relation to a fairly extensive list of products. Among them:
- Water and ice, electricity and heat.
- Oil products.
- Various metal products.
- Household chemicals, paints, varnishes, magnetic elements.
- Chemical reagents.
- Electrical installations.
- Cable elements.
- Computer Engineering.
- Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment.
- Information products, software.
- Appliances.
- Furniture.
- Glass, porcelain, earthenware goods.
- Electrical Engineering
- Firearms.
- Textile industry products, harsh and finished fabrics, non-woven materials, knitwear, leather and clothing.
- Leather shoes.
- Fur products, yarn.
- Food products.
- Medical facilities, medicines.
- Products of microbiological, milling, animal feed, meat, dairy, fish industry.
- Educational, household subjects.
- Livestock products.
This list is not exhaustive, and it periodically changes. You can view the full list of products on specialized sites or by contacting certification bodies.
Conclusion
Thus, the state provides for a number of documents confirming the quality of the goods and their safety. The most important among them are a certificate confirming compliance, as well as a declaration.
Some groups of products must be certified without fail. Other products can be certified at the request of their manufacturer. The documentation on the quality of the goods indicates that they comply with statutory regulations and do not pose a danger to citizens.
It is worth noting that each buyer has the right to demand documents confirming the quality of the goods at the pharmacy or at any retail outlet - a household appliance store, food stall, supermarket, pharmacy, online store. The seller, in turn, is required to provide these documents. Otherwise, the citizen may complain to the relevant authorities, which will entail verification of the outlet and, probably, penalties.