One of the most common tasks for a home craftsman is to install a wall outlet. This is not a big deal, but if you haven’t had to deal with it, you should read the instructions. In order for the electrical outlet, which is an unpretentious device, not to become a source of danger, which is especially true for modern apartment networks loaded under the full program, it is necessary to know in advance how to install it.
Installation rules are also relevant from the point of view of electromagnetic compatibility. If the installation is carried out correctly and properly wiring, then the purchase of expensive filter noise suppressors will not be necessary, this also applies to protective devices.
General safety rules
When installing electrical fittings, certain rules must be observed. First, work must be done in a de-energized apartment. First you need to perform auxiliary operations on the type of device strobe, laying cables, drilling holes and holes, but the connection of wires should be carried out last.
Secondly, the connected wires must be checked with a phase indicator. When working on electrical installations, you must remember that voltage on de-energized live parts can occur at any time. Thirdly, the installation of a switch or socket is carried out with the obligatory exception of contact of bare conductors with the body.
If a person is injured by electric shock, then a high reaction speed of the observer is required, which must be present during the work. Thus, if the master is "grabbed", then you need to pull his clothes, even if it entails an electric shock to the observer, because otherwise tragedy cannot be avoided.
Recommendations for work from the point of view of the device outlet
Installing sockets in the wall is carried out only after you familiarize yourself with their device. They consist of a decorative cover, a contact block and a socket box. The block has fixing pads, contacts and terminals. Pads with paws on the screws installed in the socket are a little more complicated, but this design provides the ability to adjust the position of the pads. It is important to keep an eye on the purchase so that the paws are bent. Otherwise, the block may stagger.
When installing sockets in a wall, you must remember that the terminals can be attached to the contacts with screws, this version of the socket is disassembled and lubricated in the area of the mating parts with a conductive paste. The screws are tightened tightly. Terminals can be represented by brushes or screws. The first ones are more reliable, but they exclude a bulkhead, because the wire will need to be pulled with force, which entails the breakage of the brush. Using cold solder, grease the screw terminals before wiring.
Features of installing an overhead outlet
Before installing the outlet in the wall, you should pay attention to the fact that overhead devices are on sale that ensure the reliability of the replacement in the old socket, the decorative surface coating will not be damaged, because the lid will close the mounting plate.
If you have old sockets in your apartment, you can’t replace them with euros without touching the wall and changing the socket. The patch socket allows you to install fireproof devices in wooden walls. Even if arcs occur, a short circuit will occur through a metal clip, propagation through the wires will be excluded. Protection will work if the fire reaches the tree.
Features of installation in a concrete wall
Installing outlets in a concrete wall is carried out in several stages. The first involves markup. On the surface, it is necessary to mark the center of the device. If you plan to mount the outlet block, then all their centers are marked. For this, the position of the central part of the first mechanism is applied, 71 mm is deposited from it, which is the standard center distance.
Installation of holes and wiring
At the next stage, you need to make a hole in the concrete in order to install the socket and the socket itself. This is quite difficult, and to perform the manipulations you will need a hammer drill and a special crown.
As soon as all the holes are completed and the strobes are connected to them, you can carry out electrical wiring. The ideal option for this would be to bring a separate cable to each outlet.
Installing Sockets
Depending on how many devices you plan to install, the corresponding unit is assembled. The article discusses an example that involves the installation of two outlets. They are interconnected. In those places where cable entry is provided, plugs are cut out. The connecting elements are removed, because they will interfere with installation.
The socket is placed in the prepared hole in the concrete, and then you can proceed to the next stage, making sure that the device is installed in the seat correctly. He should not bulge or be inclined.
Mounting the socket
Installing the box for the outlet in the wall provides for its fastening. To do this, the holes are dust-free and primed. This will ensure the reliability and durability of the installation. After the primer dries, the gypsum-based plaster or putty mass should be diluted, and then put inside the hole. You can use a simple alabaster. It is necessary to work with it as quickly as possible, because pure gypsum instantly sets. When a small number of sockets are installed, this can even be an advantage.
The installation of internal outlets in a concrete wall in the next step involves pressing devices into the solution. The installation should be strictly horizontal, it is necessary to orientate oneself on the horizontal axis marks that are applied during marking. Boxes should not protrude, they should be flush with the wall. The gypsum mixture that gets inside is removed after it hardens, at this stage it is better not to touch it.
Final work: wall decoration
When the mixture dries, and the rosettes are firmly strengthened, you can proceed to the finishing work. Strobes can be covered with plaster, as well as the holes around the boxes. It is important to wait for the fixation of the sockets, because their exact position can be brought down at this stage.
The first step in finishing will be a primer, then plaster is applied, large dips are aligned like holes and chips. More carefully, you need to work on decorating the sockets, they are coated around. As soon as the walls are dry, they should be puttied, and then sanded, until an even plane of the concrete wall is formed around the rosets.
After the installation of sockets in a concrete wall with your own hands was completed, and all of the above work has been completed, you can proceed to decorate the surface. To do this, wallpaper is glued to the wall or any other decorative material is applied.
How to install a triple socket
Installing a triple outlet in a concrete wall involves the use of a single socket, which looks like a block with three sockets, they are located on one frame. If you use 3 single sockets, which will be located in parallel, it is recommended to use separate socket boxes.
To do this, use a puncher, a special nozzle for it, a voltage indicator, a hammer, a straight and curly screwdriver, medium and narrow spatulas, and also a chisel. Before mounting the triple socket, using a punch, it is necessary to drill holes in the surface, it is necessary to act until the crown abuts against the wall. The remains of concrete in this case are also knocked out with a chisel and a hammer.
The wires are connected in accordance with a parallel circuit, which assumes that two wires will be connected to each wire from the shield, which go from additional wires to the second and third sockets. Using an indicator screwdriver, you determine the phase and zero, and then turn off the electricity in the shield. Installing a hidden outlet in a concrete wall involves twisting the wires. In order to ensure reliability in this case, you should use contact tips, which are inserted into the clamps of the socket and screwed.
Brick wall work
Installing the outlet in a brick wall is carried out almost according to the same technology as in the case of a concrete surface. After marking with a special crown for the socket, it is necessary to make holes. This allows you to get beautiful and even seating. The crown should have a slightly larger diameter than the devices themselves, which will allow for an allowance for fastening.
By setting the tool to drill mode, you can make a hole. It is not worth it to use the equipment in the mode of a puncher, as this will give unnecessary vibrations that will crush the brick. Using drills is not worth it, as working with them is quite difficult. But after using the punch, it is necessary to hollow out the inside with a chisel and a hammer. When working with a head, such a need does not arise, because the brick will crumble with itself.
Mounting in a wooden wall
An open wiring can be carried out in a wooden house, which is a fairly popular way of organizing power supply. The installation of the outlet in this case differs from the standard only in the presence of asbestos or aluminum sheet between the wall and the outlet. This measure is required to protect the tree from sparks when it closes.
Installing a wall outlet on a wooden wall by installing hidden wiring is troublesome and expensive. A huge advantage is the ability to transfer the outlet without violating the aesthetics of the wall. The installation of individual outlets on such a surface differs from concrete analogues. The internal design for concealed wiring should only be installed in a metal cup to prevent sparks from reaching flammable surfaces. The use of plastic sockets is prohibited.
Conclusion
Installing an outlet is a simple matter, but if you do not follow the rules, you may encounter the fact that this place in the apartment will become a source of increased danger. And at the very stage of installation there is a risk of electric shock to the master. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technology, it requires the presence of a third-party observer nearby who can help in an unforeseen situation.