In Russia, as, incidentally, in other countries of the former CIS, there is a huge number of gas stations. But far from each of them sell high-quality fuel that meets all the norms and standards. Most often, gasoline contains not only dirt, but also various impurities and substances. These are phenols, sulfur, various lead acids. In addition, low-quality fuel has a low octane rating. Every owner of an injection car should know how to remove injectors. This is useful knowledge that can come in handy when owning a used car.
Symptoms of clogged nozzles
In the process of using a car, nozzles tend to clog. On machines with a mileage of 200 or more thousand, they can fail. Often the cause of the nozzle failure is the effect of high temperatures. Inside, this element is covered with varnish deposits. As a result, problems arise in the process of starting the motor, the engine troits, it works unstably in all modes.
Due to these deposits and contaminants, the ability to pass fuel is severely impaired. There are problems in the process of opening and closing the nozzles. All this leads to one or more of these symptoms.
Where are located
The nozzles on the internal combustion engine are in the fuel rail. Their number is equal to the number of cylinders in the engine.
When to check the work
The nozzles responsible for the fuel supply can be operated for a rather long time - manufacturers indicate at least 100-150 thousand kilometers. But, given the quality of the fuel and the untimely replacement of fuel filters, the need to check and clean them may come after 80 thousand kilometers.
The need for dismantling appears most often closer to 100 thousand kilometers. The nozzles are calibrated, tested, and if necessary changed and cleaned. Sometimes the cause of unstable engine operation can be just one element. However, there is no need to remove all parts. This is especially true for diesels, where the process is much more complicated compared to the gasoline counterpart.
Dismantling nozzles for diagnosis
Let's see how to remove the nozzles to test them. For dismantling, you will need a standard set of screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, means for cleaning the injector or carburetor, as well as rags.
Consider the removal process on the example of VAZ engines. So, first of all, you need to lower the pressure that forms in the fuel system. Most modern cars have a special pressure regulator - it is located on the fuel rail. This is nothing more than a special valve that you can click on. As a result, fuel from the ramp will go out, and the pressure level will begin to fall.
Gasoline is fed into the nozzle at a sufficiently high pressure, therefore, when working with them, you must observe safety precautions. A jet of gasoline or diesel can cause significant harm.
When the pressure has been relieved, the fuel rail must be removed. To do this, disconnect the connectors with wires. You can remove them with the help of special clamps, which are an elastic bracket, which must be pressed. Then the screwdriver moves the clamp in the direction along the ramp. After that, the nozzles can be removed.
Many car owners who do not know how to remove the injectors are trying to pull them out. But you need to extract them wrong. Dismantling is carried out after small turns or swaying. Then, using a screwdriver, remove the sealing rings - they are located on the nozzle atomizer on its body. It is worth remembering that these rings can be operated only once - if they were once removed, they must be replaced.
Removal of diesel elements
The diesel fuel nozzle is also subject to failure due to fuel quality. The dismantling process is different in this case. The main feature is that this element is screwed into the motor, like a spark plug. Operation of the nozzle under conditions of high temperature leads to the sticking of the part to the cylinder head of the engine.
The nozzle sticks due to moisture entering the well (where the element is installed). Further, the well cokes due to a breakthrough of exhaust gases. Also, carbon deposits actively accumulate on the o-rings. The process of removing a fuel nozzle from a diesel engine, unlike a gasoline engine, requires the presence of additional special tools and pullers. With the help of pullers, you can reduce the risk of damage to the thread, the destruction of body parts.
After souring the thread, it is very difficult to unscrew the part. In the process of dismantling, the nozzle body may simply burst. In this case, you will only have to drill the part remaining in the cylinder head, then perform
thread restoration and other manipulations. Those who do not know how to remove the injectors may need to restore
the cylinder head. It must be remembered that the nozzle is an expensive part. Carefully unscrew the part from its seat - this is the whole process of dismantling.
Check
There are many ways to check the nozzle. These are artisanal methods, as well as testing methods using special equipment. In the case of self-checking, only the nozzle opening / closing can be evaluated. You can also make sure that the injector does not pour or overflow fuel. Also, during an independent check, you can evaluate the quality of the spray. Not many people know how to check the removed nozzle, but you just need to connect the power and pass fuel or a cleaner through it.
As for diagnostics using professional stands, this equipment allows you to determine more parameters. This is the accuracy of operation, as well as the efficiency of all nozzles and each separately. This allows you to accurately and objectively evaluate the operation of the injection system.
Cleaning
We know how to remove nozzles from the engine. You should also learn how to rinse and clean them. You can wash them in two ways - with and without removal. Greater effect can only be achieved by flushing with removal.
The most common method involves the presence of keys for dismantling, a charged battery, two wires and terminals to them, as well as a cleaning fluid. The fuel rail is removed, and then the nozzle. The wires are connected to the latter. Through the inlet to the nozzle, a spray can with a cleaner is connected. Then they press on the spray gun and close the wire on the battery, thereby actuating the electromagnetic valve. You can also assemble a stand for cleaning nozzles. But it is very long and expensive.
How to clean nozzles without removing
For this, a flushing cylinder is needed. It is made independently. You will also need a compressor and a manometer, a hose that will be connected to the fuel rail. Liquid for cleaning nozzles is poured into the flushing cylinder , the cylinder is connected to the system. Next, they start the motor and turn on the compressor. Cleaning will be completed when all fluid has been exhausted.
Here's how to flush nozzles without removing. The disadvantage of this technique is that it is not possible to control the level of pollution, as well as the degree of purification. But this operation requires the least time and effort.