Intrauterine device used in Russian gynecology since the middle of the last century. This contraceptive, which in recent years has gained quite wide popularity. This is facilitated by the duration and ease of use, the ability to choose, the availability of spirals. In addition to the fact that they are a convenient type of contraception, they have a fairly high efficiency, which reaches 99%.
The use of this method of contraception requires the supervision of a doctor, since each organism is individual, in addition, spiral rejection may occur, which proceeds without symptoms. The doctor will be able to control the process to make sure that there is no inflammation in the uterus, and the spiral is in place. After removing the product, pregnancy naturally occurs.
A bit of history
Even in the days of Ancient Egypt, intrauterine devices were used, the first mention of them occurs four thousand years ago. But only in the 20th century, doctors first applied the spiral in its almost modern form (in 1926). The spiral was made in the form of a ring made of an alloy that contained bronze, a small amount of copper and brass.
Subsequently, doctors found that the contraceptive effect is achieved due to copper, which contributes to the death of sperm. In 1960, with the advent of plastics in human life, an elastic spiral of mechanical action was made. Such a spiral was the least traumatic.
Intrauterine spirals. Types and action
Women with a permanent sexual partner can use the LNG-IUD system's intrauterine devices to prevent unwanted pregnancy. They have mechanical and hormonal effects. Contraception provides five years of use. The hormonal effect is that the spiral evenly releases progestogen, which prevents pregnancy. In addition, mechanical action prevents the establishment of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
Helix hormones release hormones of a certain group, such as levonorgestrel (Mirena), which also have a negative effect on sperm. In addition, they inhibit the development of the endometrium, this prevents the fertilized egg from acting in the usual way: attach to the wall of the uterus.
There are intrauterine devices ParaGard, in which copper is present. This element is secreted into the uterine cavity and contributes to the fact that fluid is produced in the uterus and fallopian tubes . This fluid acts in a destructive way on sperm, preventing pregnancy. Such spirals also have a mechanical effect. Cervical mucus also has a contraceptive effect , which clogs the cervix and interferes with the passage of sperm into the uterus.
There are intrauterine devices made with the addition of silver and gold, which allows to suppress possible inflammatory processes. The silver core of the spiral protects it from corrosion; silver ions are released that have a beneficial effect on the woman's body.
Removal of the intrauterine device
If a fertilized egg, despite the spiral, has fixed in the uterus, then the spiral can be removed by the doctor without any consequences for the child if the woman wants to continue the pregnancy. Also, it is removed due to individual intolerance, with bleeding or inflammatory processes, as well as in the event of an ectopic pregnancy.
The spiral is not placed during erosion on the cervix, in the presence of genital infections, chronic inflammation or cancer, as well as in cases when scars remain on the cervix after birth.