The technical safety of a vehicle is the state of the vehicle in which the risk of damage to or damage to the person who drives it or to other persons is minimized.
Legal regulation of vehicle safety
To increase traffic safety at the legislative level, a list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited is provided. Legal relations in this area are regulated by the SDA of the Russian Federation and Gosstandart No. 51709 of 2001. SDA contains provisions governing permission to admit technical means, and a list of damage that makes the vehicle unsafe for the driver and others.
In 2011, the Commission of the Customs Union members also approved regulations in the field of safety of manufactured wheel mechanisms. This regulation supplements the list of shortcomings in which the use of traffic rules of Kazakhstan, Belarus and the Russian Federation is prohibited. The regulation has been created for manufacturers and sets rather stringent criteria for active and passive precautions for passengers and persons driving vehicles.
Thus, today much attention is paid to road behavior and ensuring a reliable technical condition in the field of safety of movement.
Legislative operating conditions
Compliance with security measures is required from all persons participating in the movement and is achieved by following the norms and standards provided by law.
Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation allow the use of the vehicle for its intended purpose only subject to the following conditions:
- mandatory registration of vehicles in the traffic police and registration, cars from other countries must be noted in the customs authorities;
- the presence of registration marks prescribed by law;
- requirements for the technical component of the vehicle should be brought into compliance with all the rules and regulations in the field of road safety;
- the presence of specially equipped seats with belts for passengers on buses serving intercity routes;
- mandatory must be attached seats in the vehicle;
- special conditions are put forward for taxis and cars for learning how to ride;
- good technical condition and correct designation with reflective signals should have bicycles and horse-drawn carts;
- when towing on a flexible hitch it is necessary to mark it, and a rigid hitch must comply with state standards;
- vehicles shall be marked with the signs established by the Regulations .
The observance of optimal road conditions should be monitored not only by drivers, but also by officials in charge of the roadway or its section. Special requirements are put forward for such servicing vehicles as road special equipment. The list of malfunctions in which it is forbidden to release vehicles on the road should also be taken into account by the commanding staff of enterprises that carry out transportation. Before leaving, it is imperative to carry out vehicle inspection and to prevent violations of safety rules when releasing it onto the road.
Faults in which further operation is unacceptable
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited contains two categories.
- Faults that appeared along the route, but with which you can continue to move. Such breakdowns must be repaired immediately when the opportunity arises: at a service center or upon reaching home.
- Failures in which any traffic is excluded, as it can lead to serious consequences.
Faults in which movement to the repair site is possible
Russian traffic rules the ban on the operation of vehicles introduces damage to the following mechanisms:
- brakes;
- steering system;
- external lighting devices;
- windshield wipers and windshield washers;
- wheels and tires;
- motor;
- other components.
Brake system
The disadvantage of the brake system is the excess of the braking distance calculated by the road tests. Its length in meters is set for each type of transport and must comply with GOST. These calculations also include steady-state deceleration.
Thus, the braking distance, for example, for cars cannot exceed 12.2 m. For vehicles manufactured earlier than 1981, this figure is increased to 14.5 m. The deceleration of such a car should be at least 6.8 m / s 2 , and for older models, respectively - not less than 6.1 m / s 2 .
The list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of the brake system is prohibited also includes a violation of the pedal stroke, which indicates a depressurization of the brake drive, an increase in the gaps in the mechanisms and a partial failure of the parking system (when it does not guarantee immobility on an inclined surface).
Steering
In the steering system, it is necessary to provide the degree of steering rotation required for the response of the mechanism. So, in passenger transport such a turn cannot exceed ten degrees, in buses and trucks - 20 and 25 degrees, respectively.
Operation is excluded with changes in the control mechanism, insufficient fixation, displacement of parts and assemblies.
The absence or breakdown of the power steering device also precludes travel.
Exterior lighting
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited includes a violation in the operation of headlights, retroreflectors and other devices. The presence of mechanisms other than those established by the technical design is also unacceptable (this condition does not apply to cars for which spare parts are no longer manufactured). Lighting devices must not be contaminated or used in unspecified amounts.
Flashing beacons should be delivered to the vehicle only in accordance with legal requirements.
Wipers and washers
These elements must be fully operational and correctly installed. Otherwise, the driver exposes himself and other participants in the traffic to serious danger, since during precipitation the visibility of the road is significantly deteriorated, and at night it is practically zero. If a malfunction is detected during rain or snow, it is recommended that you stop the car and wait until the weather improves.
When driving on country wet or dusty roads, glass washers play a special role. Each driver should regularly monitor the level of washer fluid, since in the absence of it and movement on a swampy road, the glass of the car becomes very dirty, and the use of wipers to eliminate plaque only aggravates the situation.
Wheels and tires
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, obliges car owners to select rubber according to the design of the vehicle, paying particular attention to the height of the tread pattern, its diameter and bearing capacity.
Exfoliated, damaged tires, tires with bare cord must not be used.
In addition, it is necessary to correctly install the tires, avoiding differences in the tread pattern on the same axis.
As for the wheels, they should be without damage, cracks. Lack of fasteners is not allowed.
Motor
Depressurization and violation of the fastening of the fuel lines, malfunctions in the operation of the fuel inlet systems and the release of gases are unacceptable in the car. GOST sets an upper limit on the content of harmful compounds in gases.
Other components
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited also includes:
- violation of the sound signal, locks;
- lack of mirrors, antisplash elements, belts and safety arches;
- lack of funds for emergency assistance, fire extinguisher, emergency stop signs;
- the presence of objects or coatings that impede visibility for the driver.
Sanctions for violation of the above requirements
In the case of driving a vehicle with the above breakdowns, the official has the right to bring you to administrative punishment.
For failure to comply with the requirements of the legislation, a person managing the vehicle may be fined up to five hundred rubles or limited to an oral warning.
The official’s protocol on the imposition of a fine can be challenged in court, indicating that the management of a vehicle with a malfunction in which operation is prohibited was necessary to reach the repair site, and the damage occurred after leaving the point of departure.
When driving a vehicle on which light or sound devices are installed, flashing beacons of public services, permitted only for a certain type of transport, schemes or signs of state bodies are applied, the driver may be deprived of their rights.
Installing a taxi icon without a license entails a fine of 5,000 rubles.
Failures in which further movement is impossible
SDA contain 5 malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.
1. The brake system which is not working in the necessary order.
Obviously, when it is impossible to stop the car, there can be no further discussion of the movement.
If an official identifies such a violation, the sanctions will be more severe. So, an employee of a state agency can not only impose a fine, but also remove the driver from driving and take measures to eliminate the vehicle that is not working properly from the road, detaining him in the prescribed manner.
2. Steering system problems.
If it is not possible to control the steering device, you must immediately stop driving and, if it is impossible to eliminate the breakdown in place, call a tow truck.
In order to prevent such a malfunction, it is necessary to conduct a timely inspection of the steering system by professionals, since it is a rather complicated mechanism.
3. Problems with the towbar.
At the slightest suspicion of a malfunction during towing, stop driving. Such a device must comply with state standards, since a detached trailer or other towed device is very dangerous on the road.
4. The list of vehicle malfunctions in which it is forbidden to operate the vehicle with a ban on further movement includes the absence of lighting elements or their inability to use due to a breakdown or in the case when the bulb burns out.
The trip should be suspended, and the car should be removed from the road in the dark or in low visibility conditions. If the breakdown occurred in clear weather, traffic is not prohibited.
Particularly dangerous is the lack of lighting from the driver. If the left headlight is faulty, leave the road immediately.
5. The idle wiper on the driver's side in bad weather.
Movement can be resumed when the weather stabilizes.
Due to the increased danger on the roads, it is forbidden to ignore safety measures when operating the vehicle. This can not only entail state sanctions, but also more serious consequences.