Transmission is an essential element of every car, providing transmission, distribution and change of torque from the engine to the drive wheels. And if at least one gear in it fails, it will be impossible to continue driving on such a car. Today we will talk about the device of this mechanism, as well as find out the varieties of gearboxes.
Types of Car Transmissions
To date, they are distinguished by two:
- Mechanical - invented more than 100 years ago and is used on most modern cars.
- Automatic - was developed much later than the first, but, despite this, it is successfully used on many crossovers and hatchbacks. In turn, an automatic transmission is a device that is divided into several subcategories. These are various tiproniki, variators and so on.
The main difference between these devices is the method of gear shifting. And if in the first case the change in torque is provided by the motorist himself by switching the gearshift lever by depressing the clutch pedal, then in the second case the whole process is controlled by the electronics.
It should be noted that the gearbox can be divided into two more categories depending on the type of vehicle drive. Thus, if the function of the driving wheels in the car was assigned to the front, the transmission transmits torque directly to these axles. If this is a rear-wheel drive car, here the intermediate link between the transmission of torque from the engine to the wheels is the driveshaft. Each of these cars has its own gearbox design. However, their function and purpose do not change from this.
Device
As we have already noted, a transmission is a mechanism that can have structural differences depending on whether the front-wheel drive in the car is used or rear-wheel. However, the main devices of all modern transmissions are unchanged:
- Clutch.
- Differential.
- Axle shaft.
- Transmission.
- Main and driveshaft.
So, let's briefly analyze the structure of each of these mechanisms.
Clutch
The main function of this tool is to briefly disconnect the engine from the gearbox and their subsequent connection when switching speeds.
Gearbox (not transmission)
This is the transmission component that changes the torque of the motor, thereby affecting the speed of the car. By the way, at VAZ Niva, the transmission is also equipped with a transfer case.
Cardan drive
It is used to transfer forces, that is, torque from the secondary shaft of the box to the main gear.
Differential
It serves to distribute engine forces between the drive wheels. Thanks to the differential, the wheels of the car can rotate simultaneously at different angular speeds, which is necessary when the car enters into a turn.
Such a device has each transmission. VAZ “tenth” family, “seven”, “five”, “Ural” and all other domestic cars have the same principle of operation and gearbox design.