A huge number of opportunistic microorganisms live on the oral mucosa. A person does not know about their existence, since they do not manifest themselves in any way. But it is worth the immune defense weaken, as some types of pathogenic microflora immediately become active. They provoke the development of various diseases. A blister on the gum can become a symptom of one of them.
Blisters
Blisters with liquid contents often form in the oral cavity. They look like small cones of a pale pink or whitish yellow hue. Sometimes they can acquire a red-brown color due to the abundance of blood and pus.
The blister in the mouth on the gum can be single or consist of several cones. Sometimes they differ in shape. At first, the neoplasm may be invisible. But as he grows, a person will feel a foreign object in his mouth.
Sometimes people complain of severe throbbing pain, which is caused by purulent blisters on the gums. You may have a burning sensation or even a fever. The reasons for the formation of a blister can be different. If such a situation has occurred, you should contact your dentist for help as soon as possible. He will be able to determine the causes of the development of pathology and prescribe adequate treatment.
Periodontitis
The most common cause of blistering on the gums is periodontitis. The disease has the following chronology:
- Under the influence of acids, a demineralization site develops on tooth enamel.
- A carious cavity gradually forms.
- The pathological process slowly gets to the pulp. It completely destroys tissue.
- Infection fills the root canals.
- Pus becomes so much that it begins to seep beyond the limits of dental tissue.
- The immune system is connected. The limits of purulent contents are limited by connective tissue.
- A cyst forms.
- The collected pus is looking for a way out under the gingival mucosa.
- Sometimes the blister breaks and its contents are in the oral cavity.
- An opening is formed, which is called the fistulous course.
- As soon as pus fully enters, all painful sensations disappear.
Untreated channels
Blisters on the gums in an adult often occur if the doctor made a mistake during endodontic treatment. Canal cleaning is done if the patient has developed periodontitis or pulpitis. The procedure helps relieve pain and stop the spread of infection.
The pulp from the channels is completely removed. They are thoroughly cleaned, and then treated with antiseptics. At the end, the dentist installs a seal. If the doctor performed everything professionally, the tooth will no longer bother the patient.
Unfortunately, statistics say that in almost 70% of cases it is not possible to completely fill the canal with filling material the first time. In an empty space, the infection begins to develop again. If the patient suffers pain and does not consult the dentist in time, a purulent blister will jump out near the diseased tooth on the gum.
Sometimes the cause of infection after endodontic treatment can be a dental tool. To clean the channels using pulp extractors. In their appearance, they resemble thin needles. During the canal cleansing procedure, a thin piece of pulp extractor may break off and go unnoticed inside the tooth. This may cause the infection to begin to develop after the seal is installed.
Bruises and injuries
A child’s gum blister may occur due to a bruise or other injury. Children are very mobile, during active games they can get hit. An infection gets into the damaged tissue, and after some time, the parents notice a blister in the baby.
In adults, this problem can be provoked by a poorly fitted prosthesis, or a convex filling. And also the sharp edge of a chipped tooth, which injures the gums.
Epstein's Pearls
Epstein's pearls are another reason for the formation of blisters on the gums of a child. Sometimes they are called palatal cysts of newborns. They consist of their epithelial inclusions and are observed in 75% of babies.
The size of the blisters does not exceed three millimeters. Epstein's pearls come in white or yellowish color. To the touch they are dense and painless. Histological studies have confirmed that they are filled with keratin. These cysts do not need treatment. They completely dissolve on their own.
Burn
A burn is a common cause of a blister on the oral mucosa. Lovers of roasting coffee or tea quite often face a similar complication. Exposure to high temperatures leads to instant blistering. If you look at the photo of the blister on the gum, you can see that in appearance it resembles a thermal burn:
- there is a clear liquid inside the formation;
- the mucous membrane around the blister is swollen and red;
- a person feels a burning sensation around the damaged area;
- the pain is constant and aching, not pulsating and not sharp.
Not only hot foods can cause injury. Dangers can be dyes and chemicals that are part of toothpastes, mouthwashes and many other cosmetics. There are situations when victims seek help with similar injuries after working with various dangerous compounds and substances. In appearance and the patient's sensations, it is rather difficult to distinguish between a thermal burn and a chemical burn. Such wounds bring the patient discomfort. Antiseptic treatment is necessary to avoid the development of infection.
Stomatitis and thrush
In the case when a child has a blister on the gum, what is this and what is the reason for this phenomenon, all concerned parents want to know. If there were no burns and bruises, and the teeth are healthy, most likely, the development of the bladder caused stomatitis. This pathology is often called the disease of school pens. First-graders, and sometimes older students, do not disdain to chew pencils recently raised from the floor. Often the impetus for the development of the disease is the bite of the tongue or cheeks.
Stomatitis often causes the herpes virus. Toddlers under the age of three are especially sensitive to it. In the event that mom has rashes on her lip, she is better off not kissing the baby. Otherwise, stomatitis is provided to him.
Blisters do not appear immediately after infection. First the temperature rises. This can happen on the fourth or seventh day. 48 hours after the temperature rises, the submandibular lymph nodes increase and the gums begin to redden. Then the first rashes appear. In the event that the disease proceeds in a mild form, no more than seven pieces are formed in blisters. In a more severe case, their number can reach 20.
The fluid-filled blisters begin to burst gradually. Gums swell and bleed. A putrid smell may be felt from the child's mouth.
White blisters on the gums in children and adults may appear due to thrush. Candida mushrooms destroy the oral mucosa. The disease is most often found in infants, as well as in older people.
Candida fungi are found in 60% of the world's population. They are able to activate and multiply intensively, forming entire colonies, only in case of weakened immunity. This can happen in the following cases:
- pregnancy;
- lack of vitamins, especially group B;
- diseases of the adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tract;
- long-term use of antibiotics;
- tuberculosis;
- wearing dentures;
- HIV
- various injuries of the oral mucosa;
- bad habits;
- taking oral contraceptives;
- the use of contaminated dishes or someone else's toothbrush, with a kiss.
In addition to blisters and plaques, a white coating appears on the mucosa, which is very difficult to remove. Gums swell and turn purple. Patients feel severe pain, burning and dryness.
Zhirovik on the gum
A blister on the gum can be an ordinary wen. This is a mobile, painless and mild formation. It consists of adipose tissue. In size, it increases slowly and does not cause discomfort at first.
The main reasons for the development of a wen:
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Endocrine diseases.
- Chronic injuries. For example, with improperly installed braces or dentures, as well as frequent biting of the cheeks due to deformed teeth.
- Toxic lesions.
Most often, adipose form on the mucous membrane of the cheek. During chewing, the blister is often injured and therefore bleeds. In the event that a wen appears on the gum, at the initial stage it is often mistaken for gingivitis or thrush.
As the blister grows, it becomes more and more uncomfortable. The patient always has the feeling that something is stuck to the gum. Zhirovik does not affect the health of a nearby tooth, does not lead to loosening or infection.
Drug therapy
The dentist must be consulted as soon as the blister on the gum has jumped up. Attempts to delay a visit to the doctor can end in failure. The blister can be complicated by a phlegmon, and this is already a life-threatening condition for the patient.
Prior to visiting the doctor, pain attacks can be reduced on their own. At home, apply:
- Rinse with Chlorhexidine.
- Applying a cold compress to the cheek from the side of the blister.
- Rinse with warm soda solution.
- Reception of painkillers - "Ketanova" or "Ibuprofen."
- Rinse with a decoction of chamomile or sage.
After a detailed examination, the dentist decides on the method of treatment. A surgical or therapeutic method may be used. In the first case, the tooth cavity is opened. The pus is removed mechanically, the cavity is treated with antiseptics. The dentist administers the medicine and establishes a temporary filling. A tooth is observed for some time.
An X-ray will help check the effectiveness of treatment. In the event that no complications are found, a permanent seal can be established. The recovery period always depends on the specific situation. This is affected by the patient’s immune system, the degree of neglect of the disease, and how accurately the patient will comply with all the instructions of the dentist.
In the event that the dentist prescribes a therapeutic method of treatment, it will be necessary to clearly follow all his recommendations. The doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs or antibiotics, as well as a course of immunoglobulin and a vitamin complex.
If the cause of the appearance of blisters on the gums is thrush, an antifungal medication is prescribed. Gums need to be treated with decamine or nystatin ointment. Muffins, sweets and blue cheese are excluded from the menu.
Blisters for burns can be treated independently by applying gauze soaked in sea buckthorn oil or aloe juice. Puncturing the bubble is strictly prohibited. After it bursts on its own, the wound is treated with peroxide at least four times a day. Then apply the ointment "Levomekol" or "Solcoseryl".
Treatment with folk remedies
Dentists do not recommend treating the blister on the gums on their own. This can result in severe complications. Only a doctor is able to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.
Folk remedies are recommended to be used to relieve pain before visiting a doctor. The following recipes will help reduce swelling and pain:
- Rinse with a decoction of oak bark.
- Tincture of calendula or propolis, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1. The solution needs to treat the damaged area of the gums. In a pure form, tinctures can not be applied so as not to burn the mucous membrane.
- Mash Kalanchoe or Aloe pulp and mix with honey. Apply the pulp to the blister.
These methods can not get rid of the cause of the disease. These are natural remedies that help temporarily alleviate the condition of the patient. They are not able to replace a visit to a doctor.
Dentistry Prevention and Advice
Dentists say that the most reliable prevention of the appearance of blisters on the gum is regular inspection and professional brushing, as well as thorough care of the oral cavity. Periodontitis will not have time to develop in a person who visits his dentist at least twice a year.
It is important to maintain the immune system. It is necessary to monitor nutrition, take vitamin complexes, abandon bad habits. After brushing your teeth before going to bed several times a week, you need to examine the oral mucosa in yourself and the child. In the event that any changes have appeared, you should immediately consult a dentist for help. Delaying a visit to the doctor and hoping that the blister resolves on its own can seriously damage your health.