Under the transport understand the combination of means and means of communication, facilities, passenger service terminals. The system formed by all this infrastructure is called transport. It is a separate branch of the economy and was created to meet the demands of the transportation of goods with people. As a type of economic activity, public transport and non-general transport are shared, performing the same function, but with characteristic specifics.
Classification
There is a division into groups according to the type of operation of vehicles and cargo transportation. This is a public transport, special, personal and personal automatic (a new group that appeared relatively recently). Further division into types depends on the environment of movement, type of property, carrying capacity, engine class and wheels.
Water, air, land and underground transport perform one function in the country's economy, but it is grouped by the method of transportation, the environment of use, and differs by loading characteristics. According to the type of ownership, two groups of transport are distinguished - personal and public. Both that, and another happens automobile or cargo on the basis of carrying capacity of vehicles.
General Purpose Categories
Public transport exists to meet the needs of the population in the transportation of goods with people on demand, including the movement of goods between consumers, manufacturers, customers and sales representatives. These are publicly available vehicles that deliver on a commercial basis and act as an independent material industry.
Departmental transport of non-general purpose performs the same function, but within the enterprise or organization. In the first case, the owner of the technical equipment is obliged to provide services to the public or legal entities according to the law “On the organization of regular transportation,” and in the second case, availability is limited by the scope of production.
Rail vehicles
Public transportation facilities are divided into categories. Public railway transport is designed to meet the needs of individuals and legal entities in the delivery of goods and passengers to their destination. Transportation is carried out using locomotives and wagons along rail tracks of external and internal destination. In the transport system of Russia, railways play a major role, providing mass transportation of goods with passengers over medium and long distances. Rail transport, providing services for the movement of bulky goods and people to remote regions of the country, is the main one in Russia.
Urban transport
Cars and trucks and buses provide delivery flexibility and high speed transportation. As one of the types of public transport, this type of vehicle is characterized by low investment in the equipment of roads and loading and unloading terminals. Its disadvantage remains the impossibility of transporting bulky goods and a large number of passengers per unit of technical equipment, although 90% of passengers in urban areas use buses and cars.
With the help of motor transport, goods are transported over short distances along the roads of settlements and regional routes.
Water vessels, barges
The advantage of river or sea ships is the movement of bulky goods by water, and the transportation of passengers is a secondary task. However, in countries where there are many islands, for example, in Greece, it plays a major role in transporting passengers.
Characterized by low tariffs and low speed, public water transport in our country is suitable for enterprises choosing heavy trucks, supervising along one route. Compared with other types of communication, it has a lack of speed and limited functionality.
Sometimes river vessels act as mobile warehouses, performing the function of storing goods. All general-purpose fleet ships need special berthing facilities to ensure loading and unloading.
Cargo, passenger aviation
Aircraft - the least popular type of means of delivery of goods due to the high tariffs for transportation and logistics costs. Aviation requires the costs of maintaining and moving air cargo, unlike rail or road transport. The advantage of airplanes is speed and distance covered. These advantages make aviation high-speed public transport for international traffic. Helicopters are used to move passengers to remote areas of Russia.
Trunk pipelines
Logistics is impossible without the constant supply of goods of various types - bulk, liquid, gaseous. Pipelines provide continuous movement of liquids and suspensions over long distances. These are oil and gas pipelines of domestic and international importance, water pipelines for the supply of drinking or industrial water. The disadvantage of this type of transportation is its low flexibility, and pipelines are suitable only for the delivery of soluble substances.
Passengers moving
Passengers are transported over short and long distances by all types of vehicles. The most developed means of walking accessibility of urban importance - buses, trams, trolleybuses, minibuses and taxis, personal and company cars. Transportation by public transport is part of the infrastructure of a settlement in which each type of technical equipment is located in its own niche.
Municipal vehicles are represented by trams and electric trolleybuses. They are characterized by ease of operation, but low flexibility in terms of logistics. Motor transport companies provide a minibus fleet for passenger transportation within the city. Intercity buses are used to move residents between settlements along highways. Motor transport has gained distribution among citizens thanks to the convenience and flexibility of logistics, low fares.