In the name of Allah the Merciful the Merciful. The second pillar of great Islam is the fulfillment of the fivefold prayer. From the words of the Prophet (peace be upon him) it becomes clear how important prayer is for a believer, he also pointed out the merits of namaz and how it affects the life of a Muslim. This is also indicated by the words of Allah Almighty in the Qur'an. The observance of the fivefold prayer is the duty of a Muslim, and abandonment is unbelief, according to the authentic hadith that Imam Ahmad, Tirmizi and Abu Dawood and others cited in their books. And this is Ahli Sunna’s opinion on this issue.
In addition to the obligatory prayers, in Islam there are additional prayers, for which a great reward from the Lord of the worlds is promised. The abandonment of such prayers is not considered a great sin, but it is a condemned matter in religion. To know what additional prayers are, types and their time, you need to look at the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Everything is very clearly and clearly explained in it.
Ratibat prayers
The first kind of additional prayer that deserves special attention is the ratibats. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said in their reliable hadith that their building would be the reason for building a house in paradise. There are 12 rak'ahs during the day of ratat prayers. A special sunnah is to read two rak'ahs voluntarily before the morning prayer. The prayer is read in shortened form, and it does not take a very long time. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said that this prayer is better than this world and everything that is in it. Therefore, do not neglect it.
Then there are 4 rak'ahs before lunch prayer and two after. Following the example of the Prophet (peace be upon him) it is clear that during the reading of these ratibats it is necessary to read any other sura in every rak'ah after Fatih. Also, these additional prayers include building after sunset and evening prayers. They are read in 2 rak'ahs, in general it will turn out 12. To follow the Prophet to be complete, you need to try to stand up to these prayers. According to the hadiths from the Messenger of Allah, these additional prayers in the Sunnah are recited at home, so that the Lord of the Worlds gives a share of the blessing to the house of the believer.
Tahajut night prayer
For almost a year, tahajut - a prayer for the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions - was obligatory. Then, by His grace, Allah sends down a Sura, in which he makes the additional night prayer voluntary. However, all the same, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was himself constant in his building and encouraged his companions to do so. There is a reliable hadith where the Prophet (peace be upon him) reports the descent of Gracious Allah to the near heaven. This happens in the last third of the night, and at this time all the prayers of the faithful are accepted.
Additional prayer at night needs to be read 2 rak'ahs and aloud, but not in a very loud voice. The Prophet (peace be upon him) loved the long standing, almost until the light of day. He read long suras, carefully pronouncing all sounds and pausing. He said that after five obligatory prayers, the tahajut comes for reward. The righteous predecessors of this community loved to spend nights in prayer, because they had a completely different understanding of religion. They understood the true value of this prayer.
Vitr namaz
Vitr - this is what ended the night additional prayer. The name is due to the oddness of the rak'ahs, they can be from 1 to 11. The Messenger of Allah said that reading the vitra is a duty, and whoever leaves it is not from his community. That's how demanding it was. It is necessary to add kunut to this additional prayer of du'a. However, there are several opinions as to when to add it. Hanafites every day read kunut in the Vitra, while Shafiites in the second half of Ramadan.
The difference of this prayer is that it has a special sequence. There are additional suras in namaz, which are indicated by the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him). So, in the first rak'ah after “Fatih” is read “al-A'lya”, and in the second and third “al-Kafirun” and “al-Ihlyas”. Although reading other parts of the Qur'an is also permitted.
The Prophet strictly forbade going to bed without reading the prayer window. He himself woke up for a night prayer and ended his prayer with one rak'ah prayer vitr. A Muslim who does this will receive many benefits for following the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
Prayer of the spirit
This type of prayer is read after the sun has already risen and until that moment when it will be at its zenith. The Spirit is a prayer at a time when a person is most immersed in worldly affairs. The remembrance of Allah at such a time is a very encouraged beneficence, and the reward for this is great. In some traditions, from the Prophet (peace be upon him) it is transmitted that Allah will forgive the person who has read the prayer of the spirit, even if sins are like foam in the sea. And in another hadith it is said that in heaven there are gates of the Spirit-namaz, and through them those who were constant in it will enter heaven.
There are no strict indications of the number of rak'ahs, for this is a voluntary prayer. However, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah performed 2, 4, and sometimes 8 rak'ahs. Everyone chooses how much he wants and can read, because he will receive the award. The fulfillment of this prayer becomes the reason for the contentment of Allah, perhaps, because of the spirit, the slave will enter paradise.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said that he who reads the morning prayer with the collective, and then stays in the mosque, remembering Allah, and so until the sun is high, then recites the prayer of the spirit, he will receive a reward, as for full-fledged death and Hajj. And this is a great opportunity for Muslims!
Prayer of tarawih in the holy month of ramadan
The holy month of Ramadan is a special time for Muslims. During this period, one must especially diligently distance oneself from sins and strive to accomplish as many good deeds as possible. Additional prayers in Islam in Ramadan occupy a special place, because the reward for them is increasing. However, there is a prayer that can be found only this month. This is tarawih prayer. This prayer is read every day after the evening prayer and until the first signs of dawn appear.
He who reads tarawih prayer, hoping for the reward of Allah, will be forgiven past sins. This is an approximate translation of the hadith from the Prophet (peace be upon him). This is a very important sunnah for both men and women. It is better to read it with the team in the mosque, but you can also at home. As for the number of rakavahs of tarawih prayer, during the time of the righteous caliph Umar 20 rak'ahs were established. However, there are legends about 11 rakats, it all depends on the desire of people, how much they want good deeds. But you should not go to extremes.
During the prayer of taraweeh, it is advisable to read the entire Qur'an in a month of the holy ramadan. A true believer takes great pleasure in this prayer. It also acts as a factor in community unity, because the value of collective prayer cannot be overestimated.
Additional Prayer after Ablution (Tahiyatul Voodoo)
Having completed ablution, and having read a special dua at the end, a person becomes ritually cleansed. In this state, one can turn to the Lord of the Worlds with any prayer. However, in the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) there are words about the dignity of namaz after washing or tahiyatul voodoo.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) once met one of his associates, who was constant in performing tahiyatul voodoo. In the hadith it is transmitted that the Prophet (peace be upon him) asked him about an act that brings his companion closer to paradise. It is transmitted that his steps were heard in paradise. Then the companion replied that he always performed two rak'ah prayers after each ritual bath. This tradition reflects the great dignity of this prayer, and how this act is beloved by Allah.
Prayer greeting mosque (tahiyatul masjid)
Everyone in the world has their own right, and this also applies to the houses of Allah. Based on the name of the additional prayer, tahiyatul masjid, one can understand that it is directly connected with the mosque. It translates as "prayer of salutation of the mosque." There is a direct order of the Messenger of Allah, entering the mosque immediately not to sit down, but to make two rak'ahs of prayer.
There are many versions of whether this prayer is always done, or there is a time when it does not need to be performed. Comparing all the arguments, you can see that the first opinion is the most correct opinion. The Prophet, even on his Friday sermon, stopped and forced the tahiyatul masjid to read one of his companions. So important is this prayer. After all, the Friday sermon occupies a special position in Islam, and every Muslim must listen to it. This is one of the most powerful arguments in favor of this opinion.
Asking for help in deeds through ishor's prayer
A person’s knowledge is limited, and he often does not know what to do in a certain situation. However, Allah is omniscient, and He possesses boundless knowledge. Therefore, in all matters where there is doubt, you need to ask for help from the Lord of the Worlds. In the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) there is such a wonderful namaz as ishihor. This prayer is an appeal to Allah for help.
Istikhora consists of two rak'ahs, after which you need to read a special prayer. The content of this prayer is the praise of Allah Almighty and the voice of the problem that worries the believer. In prayer, a Muslim asks his Lord for help in choosing and trusts in Him in this matter. This attitude helps relieve stress. And then comes help from Allah in the form of a better option.
After reading the namaz of ishor, you need to consult with the owners of knowledge and act in accordance with knowledge. Allah will surely find a way to help his sincere slave. After all, there is a promise of the Supreme Lord in the Koran, and this already costs a lot.
Eclipse Prayer
In the Sunnah there are additional prayers for many occasions. In the case of solar and lunar eclipses, the Prophet (peace be upon him) recited a voluntary prayer, and his example is the best guide for a believer.
It is necessary to perform this prayer without azan and ikomat, it is somewhat similar to Friday prayer. The difference is that the sermon is not read. According to the Hanafi madhhab, the eclipse prayer is read as the usual two rak'ahs. And the opinion of Shafiite scholars is the fulfillment of additional bow of the earth, which are performed after reading the Al-Fatih surah. The Qur'an is read to oneself during a solar eclipse, and during a lunar eclipse - aloud. You can read both with jamaat and individually.
This Sunnah is not very common in our time, but for its revival you can get a rich reward. Indeed, according to the hadith, the one who will revive the Sunna will record the beneficence of one hundred martyrs.
Tasabih prayer
Another prayer among the additional prayers is tasabih. The Prophet (peace be upon him) taught this uncle Abbas and delighted believers with auspicious news. He said that all sins would be forgiven if a Muslim performed at least once tasabih prayer.
In this prayer, the following words are uttered: "Subhanallahi val-hamdulillahi wa la ilyaah illallahu wallahu akbar." They must be repeated seventy-five times in each rak'ah of prayer. The tasbih prayer itself is read in four rak'ahs. The main difference from other four-rama prayers is only this tasbih formula, which is pronounced in almost all positions.
An intention is made to make a voluntary prayer of four rak'ahs. Then you need to say takbir and read the dua istigfar, after that you need to say the above-mentioned tasbih formula 15 times. Then they read the Surah al-Fatiha and any other Surah and say tasbih fifteen times. After they make a bow bow, and in this position the tasbih is pronounced ten times. Then they straighten themselves from the waist bow and again pronounce this tasbih formula ten times. An earthly bow is made and ten times pronounced tasbih. Between the bows of the earth and during the second one they also pronounce this formula ten times. As a result, one rak'ah contains seventy-five pronunciations of tasbih. Subsequent rak'ahs are read in a similar way. For the entire prayer, the tasbih formula is repeated three hundred times.
This prayer can be performed both with the team and alone. But bearing in mind that this is a voluntary prayer, it would be better to make it alone. In general, voluntary prayers are preferably done not in public, in order to exclude the element of window dressing.
We examined the additional prayers and their description, now it becomes clear that the mercy of Allah is great in relation to people. Each type of prayer indicated in the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is the greatest wealth of a Muslim. Depending on the name of the additional prayer and when it is performed, it is necessary to perform it in accordance with the Sunna. If all conditions are met, a person can approach Allah and receive a huge reward for this, the value of which only the Almighty knows. One thing is known: the reward for good deeds will be paradise. For a believer, what could be better than coming to the abode of pleasures and knowing that Allah is pleased with you? After all, voluntary prayer is the best way to satisfy the Almighty. For this reason, you can move away from the fire of hell and enter the Gardens of Eden. This is success, after which there is no success!