The ignition system is used to carry out the ignition of the air-fuel mixture. Its main purpose is the conversion of low voltage to high voltage. This is necessary to create a powerful spark at the ends of the candle electrodes. The voltage on the electrode should be at least 20 thousand volts. Ignition systems are divided into three types:
1) contact - the appearance of pulses to the supply of high-voltage current is carried out by opening the contacts of the ignition distributor. At this moment, the coil generates a high voltage current and transfers it to the distributor.
2) non-contact - differs from contact replacement of a breaker by a similar one, only with the absence of a contact group. Pulses are created by the switch. BSZ contributes to a more complete combustion of the mixture, fuel economy and increased torque. This is due to an increase in voltage up to 30 thousand volts.
3) microprocessor system - the distributor in it is replaced by an ignition module, which controls the moment of impulse and the creation of high-voltage current.
Any sparking system consists of the following elements:
1) Power source - battery or car generator. It all depends on what stage the engine is at. If the engine is at the start-up stage, the battery is the source. If the engine is already running and turning the generator, then the energy is generated last.
2) The power switch is an ignition switch or a special button that turns on the power supply and directs it to the system elements, or turns it off.
3) Energy storage - is an element that, after the accumulation of energy, gives it up for sparking, or an element that is capable of converting current.
4) Ignition distributor - used to direct the high voltage current to the required spark plug, depending on the position of the engine crankshaft.
Trambler - a device for distributing current between
high-voltage wires and containing a current chopper.
Ignition module. Quite often it is used in injection cars and does not directly connect to the engine camshaft. This solution is quite common. Systems that use the ignition module are called static, that is, stationary. Structurally, this device replaces several KSZ elements at once. The ignition module consists of two coils having a certain capacity, and switches.
5) Ignition wires - single-core conductors that are used to transport high voltage current from the distributor to the candles.
6) Candles - are a combination of two electrodes isolated between each other. The positive electrode, which is also called the core, is located in the center of the candle, and the negative is isolated by a non-conductive element and is located at a distance from the positive from 0.5 to 2 mm (this depends on the type of car and the ignition system).
The principle of operation of any of the above systems is to transmit a high voltage current, which is generated by a coil or ignition module, through a distributor to a specific candle. A spark on the spark plug electrodes should appear at the time of the compression phase in the engine cylinder.