Buying factory samples of heaters is quite expensive, not everyone can afford this step. Therefore, quite often the question pops up about how to make a heater with your own hands. It is worth saying that it is much easier to do than it seems at first glance. In addition, there are several manufacturing options for such a device.
Local heating
The simplest samples are equipment that is designed for local heating. The maximum temperature that they can give out is 40 degrees Celsius.
The vast majority of home-made devices of this type are infrared emitters of directional action, as well as electric radiators. The usual single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V acts as a power source for such small devices. It is also worth noting that although answering the question of how to make a heater with your own hands is quite simple, for this you need to have some knowledge of electrical engineering and wiring. Otherwise, the assembly can become much more difficult, as you will have to deal with all the nuances as the work progresses.
Assembly of compact thermal film. Materials for work
The basis for a self-made heater of this type will be two glass cuts. Two 4 x 6 cm rectangles can serve as these elements. It is worth noting here that both length and width can be changed if necessary. However, you must adhere to the rule that the area of the working space should be about 25 cm. In order to create such a compact installation, you must have the following materials:
- two-core copper cable and multimeter;
- paraffin candle and wooden beam;
- pliers, glue, sealant;
- napkin and sanitary napkins.
Before starting work, add a plug to the cable.
Beginning of work
The first step is to do glass processing. Using a napkin, it must be cleaned of dirt, debris and other unnecessary elements. After that, the surface is degreased on both sides, and then the rectangles are dried. Fully cleaned workpieces must be cooled. This is done so that the next time you burn the carbon deposit is better than a donkey on the surface of the glass.
Next, you need to install a scorched candle in the candlestick. The next step is to take each piece of glass in turn with a pair of pliers and gently hold it above the candle until soot appears on the surface. It is necessary to ensure that carbon deposits are evenly distributed over the entire surface. This part will be the conductive current. Also here you need to pay attention to the fact that making a heater with your own hands in this way does not work right away. The fact is that from time to time it will be necessary to allow the glass to cool so that it does not crack. After the firing process is over, you need to take a hygienic stick, gently wipe it along the contour, departing from the edge by about 5 mm.
Power check and assembly completion
The rest of the glass that remains burnt must be covered with glue. A pre-cut piece of foil is laid on top of a uniform layer of glue. The cleaned strips in this case will serve as the terminals to which the wires are connected.
Similar actions are carried out with the second glass, after which both elements are interconnected. In order to make the structure airtight, it is necessary to grease all the ends of the connected parts with sealant. Next, go to the fact that you need to determine the power of the device. For this, a tester is used, which is used to measure the resistance of the carbon coating. The probes of the multimeter must be applied to the hanging pieces of foil. The data to be obtained is used in the formula:
N = I 2 x R,
where N is power, I is current, and R is resistance.
It is important to note here that the power should not exceed 1.2 watts. If the carbon layer is too thin, then its resistance can exceed 120 Ohms, in which case it needs to be made a little thicker. If the values are within the normal range, then you can proceed to the final stage.
It consists in the fact that soot-free edges are smeared with glue, and hanging pieces of foil are glued to them. The structure is mounted on a wooden plane, and the foil and glass source itself is connected to a 12 volt power source. Do-it-yourself compact heater is ready.
Panel from the remnants of the infrared floor
It would be a good enough idea to make a wall heater for a garage, for example, from the remnants of infrared tape, which is usually used to create a warm floor.
It is worth noting that IR film consumes much less energy than any other heating electrical devices. In order to heat a room, for example, 2 x 2 m, you will need only 1 m of carbon film system.
In order to complete all the work, you will need to have a foil substrate under the IR floor, the film itself, the wire (0.75), as well as a thermostat or a socket with a timer and bitumen tape. The second stage is that it is necessary to cut the infrared film to the desired size. When you make an infrared heater with your own hands, you need to know that you can cut them only in white stripes. You cannot cross black stripes or cut across. The device has a clip to which you want to connect the wire. However, it will be larger than the diameter of the wire, so you have to prepare for this. After the insulation is cleared from 10 to 15 cm, it is bent in half, then again in half, twisted into a bundle, and then crimped with pliers.
Wall heater completion
A tightly twisted and sealed wire is inserted into the clamp. Further, for assembling an infrared heater with one's own hands, the clamp with the wire is connected to the current-carrying copper element of the wire. To do this, the edge of the transparent shell is detached from the back. It is very important to carefully isolate everything after work so that the film does not spark during contact and is not a threat during its own work.
Materials for fan heater
This device is another type of local heating device. It is good for heating a garage. Do-it-yourself heater of this type is made in about a couple of hours. This, in principle, is its main advantage. The disadvantage of the design is that during operation it burns oxygen, and sometimes the smell of singing is possible.
The case for this device is a can with a height of 20 cm and a diameter of 10 cm. In addition to the can, you need to have some more materials on hand:
- diode bridge and 12 volt transformer;
- nichrome wire and fan;
- puncher, soldering iron, fan from the computer.
Assembly work
Two blanks are cut out of the PCB in advance, which are suitable for the bank in size. To work and switch modes, you will need an electric cable and a switch with a button. The foil is removed from the PCB and the inner part is cut out so as to get a kind of frame.
The ends of the nichrome wire are placed in the prepared holes . To those ends that are inside, an electric cable is connected. There is such a parameter as the current density, which appears in nichrome electric spirals in contact with air, and is 12-18A / mm 2 . A transformer and a diode bridge are needed in order to supply power to the cooler. In order to be able to adjust the temperature, you will have to mount at least two different spirals. It is worth saying that if you connect them in parallel to each other, then when one burns out, the second will not suffer. The only thing that is very important is that the manufactured spiral no longer touches any surface other than textolite.
Powerful designs. Oil heater
It is possible to create an oil heater with your own hands. This device will already belong to more powerful and larger devices. The principle of operation of this device is based on the use of a heating element. In order to have the possibility of smooth tuning, a rheostat or a discrete switch is usually added to the device. To assemble the device, you need to prepare the following materials:
- For a room with an area, for example, of 10 squares, a heater with a power of 1 kW is enough.
- A strong and sealed container is used as the body of the structure, which will not allow oil leakage.
- It is necessary to purchase heat-resistant and clean oil, the volume of which will be equal to 85% of the total tank volume.
- Need devices for control and automation. They must be selected in accordance with the maximum power of the device.
Assembly recommendations
During the assembly of the heater with your own hands of this type, you need to pay attention to some important points:
- It is best to place the heater in either the bottom or side of the structure. They are fixed with bolts. This is justified by the fact that such an arrangement will improve the circulation of oil in the device. In addition, it should not touch the case under any circumstances.
- To start the device in operation, it is necessary to achieve natural convection of the liquid. To achieve this, you need to install an electric drive and a pump. To fix the pump to the tank, you need to weld small plates.
- It is very important not to forget to leave the hole with the valve, which is intended for emergency oil discharge. Pumps must be installed at the bottom in the corner parts.
- In such devices, electrocorrosion often occurs. To avoid this drawback, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of the metal for the housing and the heater.
- This device is powerful enough, so it must be grounded.
Do-it-yourself winter tent heater
Fans of hiking, as well as winter fishing, clearly need a compact device for heating a temporary shelter. A paraffin candle will be used as a heat source . For its manufacture, an oil filter from the machine is used. Why is a tent heater made with your own hands from such a filter? Because the device is almost ready, and you don’t have to do anything.
The case consists of only two parts - the bottom and the cover. The bottom is almost ready from the beginning, it has the right hole for air intake. You just need to add 4 small holes for attaching the legs. In order to create a hot air outlet, add one hole with a diameter of 4 mm in the lid. Thus, it will be possible to achieve the desired convection. Next, you need to do the internal parts. Almost all of them are ready in advance, you only need to add a cover made of galvanized iron. Such a device is an excellent hand warmer for winter fishing, for example. After 15 minutes, its surface will be quite hot.
12 Volt Heater
A homemade fan is a fairly simple and safe device for heating, especially if you use a 12-volt power supply. A heater of this kind is made of ordinary hollow red brick. A bastard instance with a thickness of 88 mm is best suited for this. However, you can use a double with a thickness of 125 mm. Here, the most important thing is that the voids are cross-cutting, as well as the same.
Working spirals for this device are nichrome blanks. On one side, these nichrome spirals will warm up, and on the other hand, blow. Connect all the spirals installed in the brick, it is best in parallel. So it will be very convenient to regulate the heating by turning off or turning on additional spirals.
DIY gas heater
It is worth saying that powerful gas heaters that have catalytic afterburning of fuel are very expensive, but at the same time they are very economical and efficient. These are their main advantages. It is almost impossible to create such devices with your own hands, since their device is quite complicated. For these reasons, different tourists, hunters or anglers use their compact versions. This is a low-power heated-afterburners, which are used as a prefix for camping primus. They are suitable for heating a tent, for example.