The process of adaptation is called the change in the parameters of the body’s vital functions, which are adequate to the changed external environment. Physiological adaptation is of two types - urgent and long. Sometimes these two species can pass one after another, sometimes separately.
With urgent adaptation, an unusual force acts on the body, which changes the response of the stimulus. The answer can be both the whole organism, and one organ or system. Mostly physiological adaptation occurs due to the homeostatic system - its function is to regulate the work of various organ systems. First, changes are launched at the energy level, and then at the plastic level . Usually this is enough for adaptation at the physiological level to occur, otherwise mobilization of all body resources begins.
Urgent physiological adaptation primarily triggers excess structures. For example, the vital activity of the human body may well be provided by one lung. In a state of relaxation and rest, the lungs work exactly at half their capacity, but when exposed to an unusual factor, air consumption increases significantly. At the same time, the circulatory system, which pumps and enriches oxygen with six times more blood volume than usual, is ready for work.
When excessive demands are made on an organ, it begins to work more actively, which means it consumes more reserves of the human body. This reserve reserve provides the opportunity for urgent physiological adaptation. In this case, the body spends a colossal amount of energy, which is clearly not enough in the cells in the form of adenosine triphosphoric acid. In order to make up for the lack of energy, there is a large consumption of oxygen in order for it to react with proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
Long-term physiological adaptation occurs most often with the systematic action of the stimulus, its periodic occurrence. This happens with climbers, athletes, etc. As a result of such permanent exposure, the body develops the necessary adaptive mechanisms, the action of which does not fade away, but is activated in the presence of an irritant factor. At the same time, there is no need to start adaptation according to the urgent principle - the body perceives the stimulus quite adequately, it already has an active supply of necessary indicators that do not allow the body to experience stress. That is why fast running is a norm for a runner-athlete, supporting his physical form, and for an untrained person - tremendous stress, which can lead to serious consequences during adaptation.
Most often a person is faced with labor adaptation in his life. It is worth not only considering the stage of socialization in a new team, but also the perception by the human body of the changed environmental conditions. At the same time, even a change in the daily routine (for example, an earlier rise than usual) can permanently bring the body out of a healthy state until adaptive factors work at full strength. This also includes a change in the regimen of food intake, a change in diet, which can also negatively affect the state of health. It is especially hard for people who exchange intellectual work for physical work (and vice versa). In this case, the body will need a longer labor adaptation involving all systems and organs.
Adaptation of a person occurs at various stages of his life in various forms. In order for it to pass painlessly, a number of measures can be applied that increase the body's defenses, for example, hardening. This is a great way not only to strengthen your health, but also to train strong-willed qualities.