Extralinguistics is a way to more clearly express the emotional state in speech communication. This is when the speaker does not just say the words, but also cries along the way, laughs, sighs, even coughs, thus regulating the flow of speech, thickening it, saving language means by substituting, anticipating or supplementing speech utterances.
The subtleties of oratory
A sensitive person always hears not only words, but also what is behind them, all pitfalls, all high feelings. Because there are no people who would speak like robots. Even if someone wants to hide the emotional component, extralinguistics will not allow him. This will be noticed by an experienced listener.
There is always a different intonation system, the tone of the voice and its strength are not the same, the speed of speech also increases or decreases. All this allows each person to more clearly express their thoughts and feelings, and all of the above is extralinguistics. This is the completeness of information about the speaker and the problem that he is trying to convey.
Vote
In most people there is very little from Sherlock Holmes, who was an experienced specialist, and even by his voice could determine not only age, but also the character, state of health, and temperament of its owner. Usually people only listen to words. But in reality they hear much more, because extralinguistics always works in conversation. It is she who determines the attitude to the speaker.
And most of all, the voice itself affects the impression of a person, although few conduct a deductive investigation in parallel. However, there are still some characteristic features that allow us to understand something about the interlocutor from his first phrases. Nature gave people a voice, it is unique in itself, but everyone chooses its color.
Pitch, tone, speed
It is known that those who sharply and constantly change the pitch of their voice live and look, as a rule, much more cheerful evenly speaking. They evoke sympathy more often than those who say everything monotonously. They are more pleasant in communication, more confident and competent. In any case, the interlocutors think so. Because extralinguistics works in speech. This is studied in psychology as detailed as possible.
It is easy to hear sadness, anger or gloating in the tone of the speaker. Moreover, this happens regardless of the words that are spoken. Sometimes their meaning is just the opposite. But the tone can rarely deceive someone. A tired person cannot speak quickly and loudly, and unbridled joy will make him raise his voice almost to heaven. Extralinguistics as a means of communication is indispensable. Without it, one would have to pronounce the words not one order more. And sometimes one movement of the eyebrow is enough. Without any words. And this also worked extralinguistics. Its essence is that it makes speech richer.
Emotions
If mistakes are made in speech, words are confused or repeated, if phrases are composed in a clumsy way, breaking off at a half-word, people in this way reveal not only their condition, but also their intentions. Uncertainty in speech, incorrect choice of words shows that a person is either not confident in himself or in an interlocutor. What does extralinguistics study? This branch of linguistics understands the totality of the distinctive features of the speech of each individual.
It is interesting to observe how emotions change the character of speech, since it depends on the most diverse organs of the human body, reflecting their state. The rhythm of breathing changes - excitement. The vocal cords are straining, lowering the voice - this is fear. A good location greatly enriches the shades of speech, the voice becomes deeper. But here, feedback does exist. A manipulator or artist with one breath changes misleads or empathizes the listener.
Non-verbal, trusting
Experts say that in the process of communication, any person trusts some kind of facial expressions much more, rather than verbal communication proper. And indeed, up to seventy percent of the information is conveyed to the interlocutor by a nonverbal “conversation”. Emotional reactions reveal a person more fully and more truthfully.
The general rhythmic-intonational sides of speech - pitch, volume, voice, timbre, stress, are prosodic. And extralinguistics, together with it, is invincible. According to research data, intuitive impressions based only on the manner of speaking and facial expressions were 88% correct, and those people who relied on a rational analysis of spoken words were correct only in 20% of cases.
Takesika
This rarely used word is called dynamic touch: hugs, pats on the shoulder or arm (places can be different), handshakes and the like. Tactile contact is a necessity, a form of stimulation. So, newborn children suffer very much in the event of a lack of touch: emotional development is inhibited, intellectual growth is not observed, even purely physical well-being can be destroyed, and the baby becomes ill. This phenomenon has a medical diagnosis - hospitalism. Naturally, in communication with the help of dynamic touches, the status, age, gender of partners and the degree of their acquaintance play a role.
If you use tactical communication inappropriately, conflicts can arise: pat the boss on the shoulder or, worse, hug and kiss his wife, for example. If the equality of social status is not present and there is no close relationship, then such manifestations of taxis are simply inappropriate. Also, handshakes can be different: equal and not. In total, they are distinguished by three types: submissive, dominant and equal. So, it is better for the boss to give a hand from below and with a palm turned up. Otherwise, it may fire.
Proxemics
This is the area of psychology, with the help of which the zones in which communication will achieve the greatest effect have been identified. There are four such zones. Up to forty-five centimeters - intimate. It can only be very close. And even necessary. Because if a loved one skimp on communication, it is sad. If an outsider comes so close, a physiological emergency begins in the body - heart palpitations, hypertension, adrenaline and other minor joys, because a stranger is almost always a threat.
Up to one hundred and twenty centimeters - a personal, personal zone. Thus communicate with colleagues, with friends. And, finally, the social zone, up to four hundred centimeters, the interlocutors can approach each other at official meetings, negotiations and administrative conversations. Speakers at rallies, in public speeches, as well as lecturers communicating with groups of people, are in the public zone - more than four meters. This is, in short, but generally a field of psychological research close to extralinguistics, which is aimed at studying interpersonal relationships under the influence of spatial parameters.