Interpersonal communication is a verbal form of communication that performs several functions:
- information and communication, that is, implies the presence of data exchange between partners;
- regulatory and communicative, since the development of rules and norms of behavior;
- affective-communicative, because it is able to create psychological relaxation.
The following types of interpersonal communication are distinguished.
First, formal, when there is no desire to understand and take into account the personality characteristics of your interlocutor. Moreover, the usual “masks” of strictness, politeness, indifference, modesty, compassion, etc., as well as a standard set of gestures, phrases, facial expressions are observed. This will allow you to hide real emotions and attitude towards your interlocutor.
Secondly, primitive interpersonal communication. With this type, the evaluation of the other is carried out in terms of necessity or uselessness. If they are interested in a communication partner, then they are actively contacting him, otherwise they repel or avoid.
Thirdly, functional-role interpersonal communication, which is based on the social status of partners (subordinate-chief, student-teacher, buyer-seller). In this type, strict expectations and norms work, the means and content of communication are regulated. Consequently, the interlocutor is in the background in the social role.
Fourth, business communication implies that it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the person, age, nature and mood of the interlocutor. The interests of the business will always come to the fore, the second - possible differences in views and opinions. There is a goal, it is aimed at achieving any substantive agreement.
Fifth, spiritual interpersonal communication. This communication is carried out between loved ones and provides for conversation on any topic. Partners will be able to understand each other by movements, facial expression and intonation. Such interpersonal communication is possible if the interlocutors know each other well.
Sixth, the secular type of communication must meet the standards accepted in this society. In the process of communication, a person, as a rule, will say not what he thinks, but what is necessary in a particular situation. The secular type of communication is distinguished by the nature of closeness and the presence of a special code: tact, politeness, consent, approval, sympathy.
Seventh, manipulative interpersonal communication is aimed at benefiting from the interlocutor. A partner who has similar goals will be able to use a variety of techniques - flattery, a demonstration of kindness, intimidation, blackmail, deception.
In social psychology, the following types of interpersonal communication are distinguished:
- imperative;
- manipulation;
- dialogue.
Imperative interpersonal communication is an authoritarian, prescriptive form of influence on your partner in order to control his behavior and force him to take specific actions. The peculiarity of communication is that this goal is not veiled. To achieve it, they use instructions, orders, requirements and instructions.
Manipulation is a common form of interpersonal communication, which involves the impact on the interlocutor to achieve hidden intentions and goals. But they hide from a partner, or are replaced by others.
Dialogue communication allows you to take into account the installation, as well as the opinion of the interlocutor. It is built on the basis of certain rules of interaction. It is a psychological mood for communication; lack of appraisal of the partner as an equal, having the right to opinion and decision; the personification of communication.