A wooden house with all its advantages imposes restrictions on decoration literally at every stage. This applies to aesthetic compliance, and the mechanical strength of the coating, as well as fire resistance and biological protection. How to sheathe a ceiling in a wooden house so that the finished structure meets these requirements? The choice is small and mainly rests on wood-shaving raw materials. But taking into account the appearance of all new modifications of the panels themselves, as well as the addition of effective impregnations with a protective function, we can say that such a choice is quite worthy of attention.
What is the ceiling of a wooden house formed from?
Some projects do not at all involve the installation of a top floor, due to which the room vertically merges with the attic open area. But this is rare and in most cases a classic separation is arranged on the beam logs with several layers of insulators and sheathing on both sides. To understand the device of this design, you should deal with the reference points on which it lies. As a rule, these are Mauerlat, that is, beams on the wall frame, performing the functions of the supporting base for the rafter system. In accordance with the technology, the correct ceiling in a wooden house is laid on the ceiling mounted in the Mauerlat system. Large-format beams are directed inward from them, after which a counter-lattice level is formed. The free cavities of this overlap can be used for laying communications, and for installing insulators. By the way, only in this part it will be possible to use a loose insulation like expanded clay.
Next, a rough skin level is performed. By the time of installation of the wiring and heat insulator, the lower part should already be ready. How to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house at this stage? The material does not have to have decorative value. Usually it is covered with a full cladding. You can use a board or inexpensive wood-shaving material - the main thing is that it copes with physical loads, although this will largely depend on the quality of the fasteners.
Insulation layers
At the draft level of the ceiling, in the very niche of the ceiling, parallel beams will form a kind of nest in which the insulator can be laid. It can be the same expanded clay, and rolled flooring, and hard plates. The fixation method will depend on the shape and structure of the material. For example, hard panels are recommended to be glued, and elastic material is fixed with mounting brackets or small studs. It is important to calculate in advance the transmission lines of communication networks - as a rule, they select electrical boxes that protect them from unwanted external influences. How to sheathe a wooden ceiling in a private house on the upper floor level? It is recommended that the fixed insulator from the attic side be closed with rigid plywood panels. Thick sheets will not only close the floor box, but will further create a reliable foundation as a flooring for the attic.
What material is suitable for thermal insulation?
Theoretically, you can do without a heater, but in a cold region, wooden houses are most susceptible to freezing. The situation is complicated by the presence of natural bridges of cold, through which street air can circulate. Therefore, it is advisable to put a light heat insulator in the ceiling niche, at least. But how to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house so that it provides a comprehensive thermal barrier with the effect of soundproofing? In this case, you can consider the following solutions:
- Mineral wool. It is delivered in the form of plates or mats. The material is convenient to lay, it can be deformed without any problems and adjusts to the shape of the cells in the ceiling crate. In terms of heat saving, it also proves worthy. Weaknesses include condensation sensitivity and flammability, so it is best to refer to mats with foil or fiberglass coatings.
- Styrofoam. An extensive group of heat insulators, which include foamed and extruded plastics. They also effectively regulate the microclimate, but are prone to burning and environmentally unsafe. Especially in contact with the wiring passing in the same zone, which heats the material.
- Loose insulators. Expanded clay has already been mentioned, but you can turn to sawdust. They weigh less, which is more beneficial in terms of load. In terms of thermal protection, well-pressed chips show themselves no worse than mineral wool.
In addition to the ceiling niche, the insulation can also be laid before decorative cladding. How to make a ceiling in a wooden house with such insulation? It will be necessary to use thin, sticky and preferably rolled material. Usually, combined heat- and hydro-vapor barrier insulation of the membrane type is used in this capacity. It costs much more, but it allows you to provide it with the necessary layers of technological protection with a minimal intrusion into the structure.
Suitable materials for decorative finishes
So, what to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house? There can be several directions of choice - in terms of technical and operational, decorative and structural qualities. Much will depend on the data of the ceiling itself. Perhaps, it will be appropriate to lay a regular board with fixation by self-tapping screws. The use of original panels in the form of siding is also practiced - they can also imitate various natural facings and textured solutions.
But most often the owners of wooden houses prefer natural natural materials. Derived from wood with perforations and recesses for lock fastening - this is the most popular solution in this class. But how can you sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house if, for one reason or another, lumber is excluded? Drywall can be a worthy option. This is a smooth material, which in the future can be conveniently decorated with paintwork or wallpaper. Also, do not overlook other, no less refined and worthy means of decoration, which will be discussed below.
Lining application
This sheathing looks organically in the interior of a wooden house, creates a favorable ecological background and, thanks to protective factory impregnations, resists damage to the fungus and mold. In the choice of lining, it is desirable to give preference to products from oak or pine. As for the coating, there are varnished and tinted models, the choice between which is done individually, since in terms of protective properties they are the same.
How to clap the ceiling in a wooden house with a clapboard? It must be emphasized right away that small-format planks provide more opportunities for design experiments when laying. Especially if the ceiling structure itself is formed by several ceilings in different planes. For example, for attic rooms with sloping ceilings, mosaic or segmented horizontal sheathing is used.
Before installation, experts recommend leaving the material for 48 hours in the target room so that it lies in the working microclimate. Then you can begin to finish. The planks are interconnected by the joint-groove method. Modern lining also provides other options for the castle coupling, but you can’t do just that. How to sheathe the ceiling with a clapboard in a wooden house to ensure durability and reliability? Fixing is carried out with nails or self-tapping screws - the choice of hardware is determined by the width and thickness of the bar. For thin and narrow bars with a spike size of not more than 7 mm, small nails should be used, and for a large domestic lining, a self-tapping screw is suitable.
Plywood as an option for ceiling cladding
The problem with installing plywood sheets is their heavy weight. On the inner side of the ceiling, it is quite possible to apply three-layer thin panels, but they will give an impressive load throughout the mass. How to sheathe plywood in a wooden house without the risk of collapse? The output will be laying a double layer of the crate - on the basis of the overlap and in the closing layer - already on the finished sheet.
To begin with, the layout of the working area is performed. Plywood canvases are cut, and in equal parts - rectangular or square. It is desirable that exactly the same and whole pieces fit without the modified edges fit over the entire area. To install the panels, a lathing with bars of 20x40 mm format is mounted. Between them indents of the order of 40-50 cm are made. On them in the future, sheets will be fixed with screws, dowels or nails. Then you should take care of the insurance installed plywood. How to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house so that it does not deform and does not collapse under random vibrations and static loads? The solid bars of the counter-battens over the entire area of the ceiling will support the fixed sheets. It is important to fix them correctly not to the plywood itself, but through it to the main crate.
How to sheathe a fiberboard ceiling in a wooden house?
Both lining and plywood sheets give their special aesthetic effect and generally ennoble the look of the room. But in both cases, there are several unpleasant technological moments during installation. For an inexperienced homeowner, the same designer clapboard cladding can be a real torment, not to mention the chances of getting a marriage out. How to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house inside cheaply and beautifully, and so that the installation process itself is accessible to a wide range of performers? Conventional wood-fiber board (Fibreboard) due to flexibility in processing and low weight practically does not cause problems in the casing.
Also, as a supporting and fixing base, you can make a standard crate of bars. Next, mark the fiberboard in as large parts as possible and begin fixing. Fastening is carried out by almost any hardware - the main thing is that the cap retains the base of the sheet, since the loose structure under pressure can simply break. For this reason, it is recommended to use staples from a construction stapler. On this work is completed without any need for additional support sheets.
The only thing you need to prepare for during the operation of fiberboard is the tendency to biological damage. Mold can ruin the material in the shortest possible time, therefore, from the very beginning of operation, it is necessary to regularly treat the ceiling surfaces with antiseptics and antifungal solutions. And yet, the better to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house, if we consider the factor of material security? Of course, fiberboard will not be the best solution, but the same applies to any wood in principle. And if the lining with plywood get a good external treatment after release, then the fibreboard will need to be processed independently. However, you can consider options outside the group of wood finishes.
Using drywall to decorate the ceiling
For ceilings, you can use drywall and gypsum fiber panels. They are attached to the surface using a grate, which, in turn, is associated with the roofing. Both plates are basically gypsum-filled and cardboard facing on both sides. In this case, ordinary gypsum board for the ceiling can be saturated with water-fire-resistant compounds. You can emphasize the structural features. The surface of such plates is mostly smooth, but there are also perforated sections for fastening or effective absorption of sound waves. The drywall also varies in size: the width varies from 1 to 1.2 m on average, the length is from 2 to 3 m, and the thickness is 1-2.5 cm.
Now it is worth returning to the question of how to sheathe the ceiling with drywall in a wooden house? You can use the grate for mounting, but this design option should be calculated at the design stage. Alternatively, a suspension structure that is part of the Mauerlat structure can be recommended. It is also tightly bound to the overlap, leaving profiles for the drywall to which fixing will be performed. It turns out a two-level ceiling, the advantages of which include the difficult transfer of noise from the outside, and a higher thermal insulation effect.
Using plastic panels
The solution is quite unusual for a wooden house and not always appropriate, at least for aesthetic reasons. Nevertheless, modern ceiling panels made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) give a lot of advantages, which can be especially beneficial in tight log buildings. Among them, one can note practicality, lightness, ease of installation, low maintenance and extensive possibilities for arranging a wide variety of ceiling structures in the composition of lighting systems. Neither lining nor plywood with drywall are suitable for such purposes. For example, electrical communications and ceiling lights are much safer to arrange under the finish of refractory PVC.
It remains only to correctly install the plastic ceiling in a wooden house. With your own hands, this problem can be solved with a conventional metal saw with a jigsaw and an electric screwdriver. The whole panels are cut into segments into parts for future installation, after which it remains to be screwed on. PVC plastic is very light, so no difficulties should arise during fasteners - small screws should be enough, since the load is minimal. Another thing is that plastic will also require a metal supporting frame or a wooden crate. These constructions will be required to maintain even panel lines.
Ceiling decoration with decorative beams
Structurally, this is one of the most difficult options for the decoration of the ceiling, but it also allows you to create a truly majestic visual effect. The work uses natural wooden beams designed specifically for decorative purposes. They are distinguished precisely by an aesthetic appearance, and not by increased bearing capacity. Therefore, they are called false beam. Moreover, the space between the beams can be filled with other decorative materials. How to sheathe the ceiling of a wooden house inside a raised beam structure? It can be not only wood trim from familiar boards and wood-shaving panels, but also full-fledged decorations - paintings, mosaic inserts, frames and even stained glass windows.
The most crucial stage is the installation of beams. A special tracing cord is stretched under them or laser-level marking is performed, which is even better. Laying lines for future beams are planned, after which they begin to install the grooves where they settle. To fasten the raised beam to the walls and ceilings, you can use both ordinary hardware and wooden locking elements, which provide grip on the principle of a clamp. In hidden places, metal connecting corners can be used as an addition to strengthen the structure.
Can stretch ceilings be used?
Wooden houses are most often decorated in the old style and reluctantly absorb modern solutions. And yet, in order to increase the convenience of operating rooms and improve decorative properties, you can pay attention to the technology of stretch ceilings. This is a very practical solution, which is also suitable for wooden buildings, as it protects the internal surfaces from condensation and the spread of undesirable biological processes. For example, how to sheathe a ceiling in a wooden house in the kitchen? Stretch cloths will be much more profitable and more appropriate in this room than the same wood. Of course, during operation it will be important to protect the ceiling from negative factors, but a properly organized environment in this room will minimize them. As for work events, there will be no special obstacles for them. According to classical technology, a supporting metal frame is mounted, on the basis of which the ceiling fabric is stretched. Also, before installing the structure with an antifungal solution, all internal surfaces of the materials are processed in advance.
Features of the use of textiles in the ceiling
For connoisseurs of natural solutions in the interior, you can recommend the finishing option from the previous concept, but instead of PVC film, real textiles will be used. In addition to environmental cleanliness, it will allow the ceiling to "breathe", thereby regulating individual microclimatic indicators. Also, this option is suitable for large rooms where it is not possible to use narrow PVC strips without special soldering. When deciding how to sheathe the ceiling of a wooden house inside, it is important to consider - what texture will the surface receive? Just textiles provide almost limitless options for design decisions - both in matte and glossy designs. There are some features in the installation technique. The fact is that the fabric is initially fixed in a baguette in the center of the area and then towards the corners with intervals of 0.5-0.6 m, it is evenly stretched along the edges. Corners are fastened in profiles already at the end of installation operations.
Conclusion
A wooden house is a real conservation area in which it is difficult to find compromise finishes, judging them by their beauty, reliability and functionality. Moreover, if you also need to provide the building with the proper supply of heat and noise insulation. What is the best way to sheathe the ceiling in a wooden house, so that you can at least get closer to meeting all the indicated requirements? According to experts, the best solution will still be wood, with all its weak points. Whether it is a neat wall paneling, cheap fiberboard, massive plywood sheet or even an ordinary board - each of these materials can organically fit into the interior of the room, and will contribute to the creation of a favorable microclimatic background. As for plastics and drywall with suspended ceilings, these solutions most likely refer to modern styles with their practicality and versatility. Indeed, a wooden house can also acquire a completely fashionable stylish look due to an interesting combination of natural and synthetic materials. But in this case, you will have to sacrifice the unique atmosphere of the village environment in an eco-style.