Musical wind instrument trumpet - a representative of devices for the formation of sound of the alto-soprano register. Among similar instruments, this one has the highest pitch. A pipe was used from ancient times, then it was used as a signal. She entered the orchestra in about the 17th century. After the valve mechanism was invented, the trumpet plays the role of a complete instrument for playing classical music. The timbre is bright, brilliant. The instrument can be used as a solo artist in a brass and symphony orchestra, in jazz and similar genres.
Story
This tool is one of the oldest. The first mention of such devices arose in the period of about 3600 years BC. Many civilizations used pipes - and Ancient Egypt, and Ancient China, and Ancient Greece, and other cultures used the similarity of pipes as signaling instruments. For many centuries this was the main role of this invention.
In the Middle Ages, the troops always included trumpeters who were able to transmit a sound order to other units located at a considerable distance from each other. In those days, the trumpet (musical instrument), although it did not fully fulfill its functions, still playing it was an elite art. Only specially selected people were trained in this skill. In calm, non-military times, trumpeters were obligatory participants in festivities, knightly tournaments. In large cities there were special tower trumpeters that signaled the arrival of significant people, the change of time of day, the advance of enemy forces, or other important events.
Shortly before the Renaissance, new technologies made it possible to produce a more advanced musical wind instrument. The pipe began to participate in the performances of the orchestra. In addition, the trumpeters became much more virtuoso, learning the art of clarinos. This word meant the transmission of diatonic sounds by means of puffing. The Baroque era can be safely considered the "golden age of the natural pipe." Since the classical and romantic age has come, which is the basis of everything melodic, the natural pipe has receded into the background as incapable of reproducing melodic lines. And only for the performance of the main stages of the scale in the orchestras a pipe was used.
Modern pipe
A musical instrument, which received a valve mechanism in the mid-19th century, at first did not have well-deserved fame. The reason is that most of the sounds were not yet intonationally clear and did not have the same timbre. Increasingly, the transmission of the upper voice began to be entrusted to the cornet, since its timbre was much softer and its technical characteristics more perfect. But at the beginning of the century, when the construction of the pipe was improved, the cornets had to leave the orchestra. Finally, the trumpet was able to show all the sounds that are required in the orchestra from the winds. Currently, parts previously created for cornets are performed by trumpet. A musical instrument, the photo of which is attached to the article, was able to fully reproduce the scale, thanks to the most advanced mechanism.
Today, the instrument is used in orchestras when performing music in the genres of ska, jazz, funk, and also as a solo artist.
Pipe structure
Copper and brass are the materials from which the pipe is most often made. A musical instrument made of silver or other metals can be found much less often. Even in ancient times, a method was invented for manufacturing from a single sheet of metal.
This musical instrument has an interesting form. A pipe, as it is called due to its shape, the bends of which are actually created only for compactness, is simply a long pipe. The mouthpiece has a slight narrowing, the mouth - expansion. The main length of the pipe is cylindrical. It is this form that contributes to the brightness of the timbre. During the manufacturing process, it is extremely important to accurately calculate not only the length, but also the correct extension of the socket - this determines the structure of the tool. However, the essence remains the same: this musical instrument is a long trumpet and nothing more.
A game
The principle of the game is to obtain harmonious harmonies by changing the position of the lips and the length of the air column, which is achieved using the valve mechanism. Three valves are used, which make it possible to lower the sound by a tone, a half or a half or a half. Pressing several valves at the same time allows you to lower the instrument's pitch to three tones. It is in this way that chromatic scale is achieved.
There are varieties on which there is a fourth valve, which makes it possible to lower the system by five semitones.
Game technique
Having high technical mobility, the pipe perfectly performs diatonic passages, arpeggios and more. Breath is consumed very sparingly, so it is quite possible to execute phrases of great length and bright timbre.
Valve trills work great on modern instruments.
Varieties
The most popular type is a trumpet in B flat, which sounds a tone lower than the notes written for it indicate. Currently, notes are written from the E minor octave to the third octave, but it is still possible to extract higher sounds from the instrument. The modern design of the pipe enables it to fulfill all the necessary keys, very rarely moving to the pipe loved by the Americans in the pre-construction.
In addition, today there are three more types of pipes, very common earlier.
The viola pipe is a musical instrument designed to sound almost a quart lower than the written notes. This instrument is necessary for transmitting low-register sounds (an example is the Third Rachmaninoff Symphony). However, now this pipe is rarely used, most often it is replaced with a flugelhorn.
Bass trumpet - a musical instrument, the photo of which is easy to find in any music school, sounds below an ordinary trumpet by an octave. Moreover, by a large number below the proposed notes. Used until the second half of the 20th century. Now it is being successfully replaced with a trombone - similar in structure, register and timbre.
Piccolo pipe. It was designed at the end of the 19th century, but today it is experiencing a new wave of popularity due to its interest in ancient music. They are used in B flat style, and for sharp keys can also be reconstructed in order. It has four valves, not three, like a large pipe. A musical instrument is used with a smaller mouthpiece, but this affects the technical mobility and timbre.
Repertoire
Although modern trumpets, which can play melodic lines without restrictions, have appeared relatively recently, a huge number of solo works have been written, which were created for real instruments. Today they are performed on a small (piccolo) pipe. Many famous composers wrote for the trumpet : Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and many other no less great composers.