The exhaust system is designed to remove combustion products from the engine and their output into the environment. At the same time, a reduction in
noise pollution to acceptable limits should be ensured. Like any other set of devices, this system consists of several basic elements, such as an exhaust valve and channel, a
silencer, a resonator, as well as connecting tubes and clamps. The exhaust system has a simple and understandable principle of operation - the
exhaust gases through the pipeline go to an additional silencer, and then to the main muffler, while both
the noise level and the concentration of harmful substances are minimized. Of interest is the internal structure of the silencer. The latter consists of many dampers and partitions enclosed in a one-piece housing. The staggered arrangement of all these "obstacles" in the path of combustion products contributes to a significant loss of their speed. As a result, the so-called "soothing" gases are obtained at the outlet, which subsequently dissolve in the atmosphere.
For example, thanks to this device, many harmful compounds (nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, carbon oxides) are delayed and returned. Let us consider in more detail the system for returning nitric oxide to the intake manifold. The main reason for the formation of this compound is the high temperature in the combustion chamber. A decrease in the concentration of this substance can be achieved by lowering the operating temperature values. This is most simply and effectively accomplished by returning some of the educated exhaust. Such exhaust gas recirculation helps to reduce the combustion temperature of the fuel mixture, however, the composition of the latter and the ratio of substances remain unchanged. In addition, the fluctuation in power indicators can be considered insignificant. The exhaust system of many modern car models contains a catalyst in its structure that is designed to neutralize and clean exhaust.
The main types of malfunctions of this car system can be called an increase in noise and an increase in the concentration of harmful emissions. The exhaust system due to its low location relative to the surface of the earth may be partially or completely damaged. In addition, trips over uneven areas are very likely to lead to a violation of the density of the connecting parts. All this entails a loss of system integrity and, consequently, an increase in noise pollution from your car. In turn, a negative change in the composition of the exhaust gas mixture may result from improper settings of control systems or contamination of exhaust devices.
The exhaust gas system for long and efficient use imposes some operational requirements: connecting pipes, a resonator and a silencer should not directly come into contact with other structural elements of the car. This precaution will not only ensure long-term operation of exhaust gas exhaust means , but will also secure neighboring systems.