In reviews of motorists about the performance of different models, a special place is given to the suspension. It has a negligible effect on the dynamics of the machine and practically does not affect the ability to reveal its power potential. However, in terms of control and comfort, this component is very important. The rigidity or softness of the fit directly depends on how the link between the chassis and the body was realized. More recently, a new concept for solving this problem has appeared - this is an electromagnetic suspension, the design features of which have caused many advantages in terms of operating the machine.
General information about electromagnetic suspension
To begin with, you should remember what functions a traditional suspension should perform. In essence, this is a transitional link between the wheels and the car body. This component provides reliable fastening of bridges with a frame and other nodes. During operation, it is the suspension that transmits the load-bearing structure to the torque and forces arising from the interaction of the wheelbase with the road surface. As a result, individual parts of the car in the body and frame area provide the necessary character of wheel movements. Now you can go to the electromagnetic suspension. The main feature that distinguishes this variety from classic units is the complete or partial disposal of springs, torsion bars and other auxiliary parts of a conventional suspension. In many respects, the functions of the traditional components of this unit in the electromagnetic system are occupied by the engine.
Principle of operation
The function of mechanical systems is provided by a group of elastic parts, and in hydraulic analogues the fluid performs the tasks of the working component. In turn, the electromagnetic suspension suggests the presence of a power plant, which is controlled through a computer. The functional element in this case are the electromagnets. In practice, this means that the driver can in real time monitor the performance of wheels and units that cover the entire perimeter of the body. Based on the transmitted indicators, the system can independently make decisions on the necessary adjustments by sending appropriate signals.
Benefits
It makes no sense to compare the efficiency of the new system with traditional hydraulic and spring counterparts, since these are completely different devices. And yet, from the point of view of the driver, the difference is quite significant. First of all, the softness of the chassis of the car is noted, which does not at all contradict the high indicators of stability and stability. There are also advantages in terms of management. The presence of electronics that control the suspension has long been not something exclusive. However, electromagnetic systems provide a higher reaction rate to on -board computer commands .
In addition, there is an advantage for pendants of this type in terms of energy efficiency. Standard power is only 20 watts, which makes it possible to more rationally use the energy resources of the machine. At the same time, the electromagnetic suspension is quite versatile and even multifunctional. While maintaining approximately similar functions, this complex can switch from an automated mode to a mechanical one. These are combined systems, which include shock absorbers as spare elements to ensure working effort. Together, these advantages determine the high reliability of the chassis and the safety of the car as a whole.
Bose Solenoid
One of the most popular systems of this class is the development of the scientist Aram Bowes. In his interpretation, this complex is represented by a linear electric motor, which can operate as a damping or elastic component, depending on traffic conditions. The cushioning rod with the presence of permanent magnets in the structure performs reciprocating actions along the length of the stator winding, which is located in the housing.
In the process of movement, the device effectively smooths out vibrations that occur in uneven areas. At the same time, Bose's electromagnetic suspension offers a wide range of different settings. For example, in the process of overcoming a bend, a motorist will be able to adjust the signal scheme so that the external rear wheel acts as a reference. Conversely, in a bend, the suspension will shift the main load to the front. The result is increased control over the machine during control.
Pendant SKF
This is a less common, but promising design from Swedish developers from SKF. In this case, we are talking about a combination of electromagnets and traditional elements that provide mechanical elasticity. The device in appearance resembles a capsule, which contains electromagnets. The on-board computer of the machine processes information from sensors placed on wheels, and instantly corrects the stiffness indicators of the magnetic damper component. Since the Swedish electromagnetic suspension involves the use of load-bearing elastic elements in the design, even if there is no signal from the computer, the system will continue to perform its basic functions.
Pendant brand Delphi
Delphi offers a single-tube shock absorber system with filling in the form of a magneto-rheological composition. This is a special combination of fluid and the magnetic elements that it contains. Thanks to the use of special coatings, small particles do not stick together and occupy about one third of the total liquid volume. The piston head is represented by an electromagnet, which is controlled by the onboard computer commands. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the magnetic elements change the configuration of the arrangement, as a result of which the Delphi suspension adjusts the shock absorber settings. The advantages of this design include the reaction rate, which does not exceed 1 m / s. It is in this design that the electromagnetic system provides the most economical energy consumption.
Suspension cost
The suspension market is still just mastering a new development, but the impressive test results already attract many interested motorists. At the moment, electromagnetic suspension is available for purchase, the price of which is an average of 200-250 thousand rubles. For comparison, for the same price you can get a high-quality pneumatic system, but, of course, the result will not be so sensitive in terms of comfort and handling.
Conclusion
The concept of the electromagnetic system has led to the emergence of a whole direction in the automotive industry, whose specialists are engaged in improving the chassis. The main platform for work in this area is the front suspension of the car, although the new design allows you to focus on a wider scope in terms of technical implementation. Third-party directions are also developing. For example, some of the latest modifications of the electromagnetic suspension are supplemented by the full-fledged function of an electric generator. This means that all the surface irregularities overcome by the machine are transformed into electrical energy.