According to the federal law of November 14, 2002 No. 161-, a unitary enterprise is an organization that has one founder and does not have its own property. It belongs to either the state or the municipality.
A municipal unitary enterprise is an organization that is created
by local governments to conduct certain business activities. Most often, these are various municipal unitary enterprises for housing and communal services, designed to ensure the vital functions of the
municipal economy of a settlement.
A state unitary enterprise is an organization created by federal structures for the same purpose as a municipal one. The pattern of activity for these two types of ownership is the same. Only the sources of financing and the level of subordination are different.
A unitary enterprise is an organization that does not dispose of the property entrusted to it. They give her a rental. An enterprise cannot take a loan under it, transfer it to a subsidiary, let alone sell it. At the same time, it must conduct business activities that cover all current expenses and, incidentally, still
makes a profit. At the local level, these are mainly utilities, and at the state level, enterprises that are responsible for the country's defense capabilities or other strategic directions.
A unitary enterprise is an organization created according to the same rules as other commercial legal entities. This means that there must be an order of the founder to create it, a charter of the organization, an order to appoint a leader who cannot be a founder, cannot occupy any other paid state posts, that is, cannot occupy two posts at once. He must regularly report on the activities of the economy entrusted to him to the owner. If an enterprise is created by a private person on the basis of a lease, then, accordingly, the amount must be drawn up and agreed. Like
any other form of ownership, it must be registered with the tax authorities and have the appropriate certificates, PSRN, a bank account. Also, the organization must have all the details. Only then can it be considered a full-fledged business entity.
Yes, a unitary enterprise is an organization that cannot independently dispose of property. But on the other hand, it can already acquire other property from the net profit received, open branches and other subsidiaries. Now, if all this was done on his own money, then the founder can not claim them. This will already belong to the unitary enterprise itself, and it will be able to dispose of this property at its discretion. It can be sold, mortgaged in case you need a loan.
The decision on the reorganization or liquidation of this organization is also made only by the owner, that is, either federal structures or local authorities. They can decide to sell property belonging to them. Then a private owner will appear on the site of the unitary enterprise.