Initially, Tobolsk was inhabited by Cossacks and immigrants from central Russia and the Urals, which was located in close proximity to Siberia, endowed with innumerable wealth. Russian pioneers, merchants, always striving inland, moved to the Pacific Ocean, leaving behind settlements that later turned into cities. Tobolsk has become a center for the development of Siberia. It was laid by the Cossacks under the leadership of Ermak.
Foundation of the city
It is known that it was expensive for Russia to wage war against the Tatar khans on its eastern borders. Endless skirmishes with their troops negatively affected the development of the Siberian territory. Then the protection of the north-eastern borders was entrusted to the Ural owner of the salt industries, the wealthy merchant Stroganov, and he concluded an agreement on the protection of the eastern borders with the Volga Cossacks under the leadership of Ermak. Thanks to the Cossacks, Siberia began to be mastered by pioneers.
The first city of Siberia was Tyumen. Tyumen prison was laid a year earlier Tobolsky. Due to its advantageous position, Tobolsk became the capital of Siberia for many years. The first population of Tobolsk is Russian immigrants. Originally it was called the city of Siberia. The official date of its foundation is considered to be the summer of 1587, when the city of Tobolsk was laid down 17 kilometers from the Tatar city of Isker on the banks of the Irtysh River, near the mouth of Tobol.
This place was not chosen by chance. The construction of a settlement at the intersection of two large and navigable rivers was extremely beneficial. After all, the only transport links in the taiga were rivers. Here, five years earlier, the Russian Cossack detachment fought with the army of the Tatar Khan Kuchum , a cunning and vile ruler who swore friendship to the Russian tsar and himself persuaded local tribes who traded with Orthodox merchants to attack the settlements and Russian detachments.
Development
Through the city went the way from Russia to Siberia. He developed rapidly. Since 1590, it became a city and a center for the development of Siberia. He was very interested in Peter I, who appreciated its significance and wanted to give it more representativeness. The population of Tobolsk also grew. Through the city along the Yenisei and Tobol, Russian goods went deep into Siberia, in the reverse order went to Russia furs and gold. The city was rich. Construction was in full swing. The Tobolsk Kremlin was built, many cathedrals, government buildings, merchant estates were built. Under the first governor of the region, Prince Gagarin, the Order Chambers and the Gostiny Dvor were built.
Large production at that time, such as a state-owned factory, glass, candle, and paper factories, was developing. An important role in the development of the city was played by the Siberian tract passing through it. This made the city the trading capital of Siberia. Mining enterprises developed. Gold and silver for the Russian Mint went through the city to Moscow and Petersburg.
He became famous in the history of Tobolsk as a Russian link. The development of the region took place at the expense of convicts, which also affected the population of Tobolsk. Under Peter I, prisoners of war were exiled here.
Composition of the population of 1897
The transfer of the Siberian tract led to the gradual decline of the city. He stopped in development, became quiet and provincial. According to the Russian census of 1897, 1433043 inhabitants lived in the Tobolsk province, including 127860 people in the Tobolsk district, and 20425 people in the city of Tobolsk.
Soviet period
The second life was brought to Tobolsk by the Soviet period, a railway was laid in the city, a large petrochemical complex was built, which was announced by the Komsomol construction, which led to the influx of young people. Here life began to boil again. New schools and kindergartens were built. The population of Tobolsk amounted to 97 thousand people. Three new housing estates were built in the city: Mendeleevo, Sumkino and Rechport.
City today
According to statistics, the largest population of the city was 102 thousand people. This indicator refers to 2005. After that, he began to decline. This is explained by the outflow of people of retirement age who left for central Russia. The maximum minimum level was observed in 2014; the population then amounted to 98,050 people.
Gradually, the indicator increases, which can be explained by the growth of enterprises in the oil and gas industry. What is the population of Tobolsk for 2017? She amounted to 98886 people. Most of the residents (54%) are women.
Tobolsk is a city of young people. The average age of the population is 34 years. The working-age population is 65%, people of retirement age - 14%. The population density of Tobolsk cannot be called high - 442 people per square kilometer. By national composition:
- Russians - more than 75%;
- Tatars - 16%;
- Ukrainians - 2.5%;
- others - 6.5%.
The city-forming enterprise is a petrochemical plant. The city has a number of factories in the oil and gas industry. The Sibur company in 2014 began the construction of the ZapSibNeftekhim plant - it is the largest oil project in Russia since 1991.
Pride of Tobolsk
Many famous compatriots were born in Tobolsk:
- the great chemist D. Mendeleev;
- writer P. Ershov;
- S. Remezov - chronicler and cartographer of Siberia;
- composer A. Alyabyev - author of the famous Nightingale;
- artist V. Perov - author of “Girls with Peaches”;
- Yu. Osipov - a famous mathematician;
- architect N. Nikitin;
- B. Grabovsky - inventor of television;
- famous artists L. Smirnova, A. Abdulov and many others.
Now Tobolsk is the center of Orthodoxy. There are many temples and monasteries, as well as a theological seminary. The city is a center of tourism in Siberia.