Every day, a person does a lot of different manipulations, which often do not even think about. In this article we will talk about what is the basis of human-to-human communication, and what problems may arise in this case.
Definition of a concept
First of all, you need to understand the very concept of "communication". Psychology gives the following notation for this term: it is a kind of specific interaction between people who are members of society. The following point will also be important: it is in communication that all the social roles of a person are realized.
Parties
It is worth saying that there are three sides of communication that are inextricably linked with each other:
- Communicative. The goal is the exchange of information between people for its further use.
- Interactive. This is a kind of interaction organization for productive communication. For example, sometimes a person needs to cheer up or tune him to work.
- Perceptual. This is the establishment of a special connection at the level of the inner world between people who are in the process of communication.
Facilities
What means are used when a person communicates with a person? At first glance, it is difficult to determine, but psychology has identified several important sub-points:
- Language is a whole system of words, expressions, sentences, due to which a person’s speech is built on which communication is based.
- Intonation. This is the expressiveness, emotionality, tonality with which a person is talking. From intonation alone, the meaning of a phrase can change.
- Facial Expressions. And also a look, a person’s posture can express a lot in communication and “say” about what was not announced publicly.
- Gestures. Designed to enhance what was said. They can be generally accepted or expressive.
- Distance. Also a very important element. Only by one distance between the interlocutors can we conclude about their relationship.
Kinds
Considering the topic "Communication of man with man", it is also worth talking about what types of communication exist:
- “Contact masks” or formal communication. In this case, the person does not have the goal to understand and penetrate the personality of the interlocutor. However, this type of interaction is necessary in order to be able, if necessary, to isolate oneself from someone with whom there is no desire to communicate closely, to hide true emotions.
- Primitive. In this case, a person’s communication with a person is based only on profit: if someone is needed to achieve the goal, they interact with him, if he doesn’t need it, the contact instantly stops.
- Formal role. It is necessary to achieve one social goal.
- Business. In this option, the interlocutor is taken into account as a person, but the business goal is higher than the personal disagreement in clarifying issues.
- Spiritual interpersonal communication. It is inherent to friends when a comrade even without words can understand the mood and do everything to change it in the right direction.
- Manipulative. Exists solely for the benefit of the interlocutor.
- Secular. This type of communication involves talking about what you need, and not about what you really want to talk about.
The information that business and social communication has its own specific code, which people using it, must be observed, will also be interesting.
Problems
It is worth saying that often a person has a problem communicating with people. Why is this happening, what is the reason? So, psychologists identify several points that will help to deal with this fact:
- Inferiority complex. Often people consider themselves worse, dumber, or even simply uglier than others, so they try to minimize communication.
- Complex of excellence. The exact opposite of the previous paragraph. In this case, a person considers himself so better than others that he simply does not find an equal interlocutor for himself.
- Excessive aggressiveness. In this case, people around themselves often refuse to communicate with a person because of his unbalanced nature or too sharp statements and views.
- Lack of experience. This item may seem ridiculous, but not so simple. People who have little contact with others often don’t know how to do it right.
What to do?
What can a person do to change the situation and learn to communicate, overcoming various communicative problems? Psychologists have created a simple algorithm of action, performing even some of the points from which, you can quite easily cope with your problems:
- First of all, we must recognize that this problem exists. And only after that you can start to do something.
- Helper items. If someone is afraid to contact with people, the first way out for him is a person’s communication with nature (or objects). So, about everything that happens in life, at first you can tell a birch in the garden, a teddy bear or a diary. However, this should not be delayed, it is still better to proceed to the next tips as soon as possible.
- If it’s still scary to communicate “live”, you can start with telephone conversations. Just dial any number and ask, say, Petya. And then apologize for not getting there. However, one should not too delay with this method of training, it is better to switch to real communication as soon as possible.
- The main rule: you need to start as much as possible to communicate with people. However, this does not mean that you need to start long conversations about politics or the automotive industry. It’s enough just to approach people on the street and ask “what time is it,” “how to get to the library”, etc.
- And the most, it would seem, strange advice: you need to read as much as possible. And against this background, form your opinion about what you read. And later to share this first with relatives (on whom you can train your communication skills), then with friends, and then it will be easy to communicate with colleagues and classmates.
Special categories
It is also worth mentioning that each category of people requires a special type of communication. And this is worth remembering. So, for example, communication with older people should be based on the principles of respect and respect for old age. It is important to learn this, because often older people require a lot of attention and contacts. A special point will be communication with difficult people. However, these skills are likely to be needed by those who work in hospitals (including psychiatric), prisons, etc. In everyday life, difficult people are often called comrades and relatives with whom it is almost impossible to communicate because of their nature . In this case, the only rule is to be patient and monitor your emotional state at the moments of communication with such personalities.