Aviation and chemical work is carried out to disperse, spray, spray bulk and liquid substances and entomophages, using the biological method of plant protection. The conditions, rules and application of aviation for agriculture are developed in the Air Code of the Russian Federation, which also provides for environmental protection. Aviation and chemical work is based on the destruction of weeds and the control of pests and diseases of useful vegetation.
In what order are flights performed?
Aircraft operations are subject to strict rules. Before the start of the season, the aircraft and the operability of technical installations are checked, a control flight is performed in accordance with the flight weight and agricultural devices fully installed on board. Verification of aviation technical work is recorded according to the results in a special journal, which relates to operational documentation. The aircraft is equipped with a crew of pilots and commander. Under his leadership, a check is carried out for a departure with a margin from the airfield to find out:
- planning procedure;
- Conducting seasonal aviation chemical work with maximum efficiency;
- determine how the equipment and devices behave during the working period;
- establish in what condition the vessel will return to the base landing site.
What is the basis of the work
An aviation enterprise enters into an agreement with an agricultural organization that needs land cultivation. For aviation chemical work in agriculture is characterized by:
- seasonality;
- the availability of a workplace with an airfield and landing;
- technology depending on aircraft performance;
- priority of operations;
- the length of the working period.
The volume of work is measured in cultivated hectares and the time taken to conduct. Each aviation enterprise has to plan its employment rhythmically, according to seasons and individual periods.
How to get permission to the owner of the aircraft
To perform the work, the head of the aviation enterprise must gain access for each mechanism. The issuance of permits for aviation work is carried out in the administrative regional departments. The application procedure. A set of documents must be attached to the application:
- applicant's passport;
- crew identity cards;
- title documents for the aircraft;
- certificate of suitability for flight;
- certificates of each crew member about their qualifications with the right to perform the declared work on this aircraft;
- insurance policy;
- project on the scope of work.
The originals of documents in the department make copies, certify. Consideration of the application and documentary verification of validity takes place within a month, then permission is issued.
What the customer needs
Customers conclude a contract for the implementation of aviation work. Basically, they need to cultivate the land in order to:
- make mineral fertilizers;
- protect plants from harmful insects and pathogenic bacteria;
- destroy the weed;
- defoliate;
- speed up desiccation.
Before the conclusion of the agreement, calculations are made, an estimate is developed at the tariff rates for each event.
Preparatory operations
Civilian airplanes or helicopters are equipped with equipment capable of spraying chemicals in liquid and loose state, equipment for spreading fertilizers. Before starting work with chemicals, the aircraft commander evaluates the cultivated area for their suitability for processing. Fields are inspected from a flight altitude, if a danger is detected for actions, these areas are excluded from the volumes. Work can be performed after sunrise, and completed half an hour before sunset.
Properties of mineral fertilizers
Aviation-chemical materials in the form of nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil, and in early spring they provide an increase in grain yield. It is necessary to carry out effective top dressing in such a period when the snow has just come down, and the earth is thawed and frozen, on which it is impossible to pass by other equipment. Feeding in this way:
- wheat
- barley;
- sugar beets;
- corn;
- linen;
- perennial herbs.
No mechanism or technical means can compare with the rate of pollination using airplanes.
Weed control
To get rid of unwanted vegetation, an accurate calculation is required. Specialists have to calculate the rates for the consumption of chemicals. It is necessary to organize work to prevent the ingestion of dangerous arboricide on useful crops. Crops are protected with protective strips at a safe distance from processing. In this case, the crew will have to perform maneuvering according to the rules with a permissible height of 5 m in the fields. If there are tree planting, you should not fall below 10 m. Flights are pre-planned for each type of maneuvering.
Responsibility of the crew commander
Whatever type of work is performed, the commander decides on:
- fulfillment or refusal of actions depending on actual weather, hazardous weather phenomena, strong wind;
- the possibility of carrying out technology for a specific type of AChR;
- prohibitions on flights in the area.
The commander is responsible for the life of his crew. If the weather forecast shows a minimum for AHR, and the actual weather is clear and calm, he can start work. When readings below the minimum can not fly out according to the rules. The team is prohibited from:
- observe the spraying of chemicals, as you have to look around for this;
- carry out processing, take off, land at a height of the sun on the horizon less than 15 degrees. with a course angle of 30 degrees .;
- perform operations to eliminate the delay in the discharge of substances;
- carry passengers during the performance of the task;
- conduct a flight with turned off means for collecting flight data;
- walk on the plane during the flight.
For violations, the commander may lose the certificate and permission to carry out the work procedures provided for civil airlines. Civil aircraft operate with a wide range of orders. In addition to cultivating agricultural land, they carry out the following:
- aerial filming;
- forestry operations;
- construction, loading and unloading operations;
- provide the population with a medical examination in hard-to-reach places.
Depending on the task, helicopters are used for work:
Aircraft:
For the safety of flights in aviation chemical units, first of all, the correct organization of labor is being developed. Rationing of all major AHR operations helps to increase productivity. Standards are set in time for a specific action, take into account the performance of aircraft and helicopters, not only hourly, but also daily, seasonal.