Namaz is the most important form of worship in Islam. This is essentially one of the 5 pillars on which this religion rests. What time does lunch prayer, morning and evening, every Muslim knows. Every day they do it several times.
About origin
Figuring out what Muslim prayer is, you need to consider where the word came from. It has Persian roots. It is translated as “prayer” or “place for prayers”. This name has spread throughout the Turkic world. Arabs began to use the term "salat." It is translated in a similar way.
About the rules
In the Qur'an, the Almighty proclaims: "Perform the prayer." Each of the 5 prayers, including dinner prayer, is distinguished by its special characteristics. So, each prayer is given strictly its time.
The main unit in prayer is rak'ah. It is a cycle of several actions. At the same time, suras and duas are pronounced, they replace each other in a certain order.
About requirements
To perform, for example, a dinner prayer, a Muslim must fulfill several conditions. So, he must first accept the faith. Muslims are not allowed to perform lunch prayers. Despite this, representatives of other religions, atheists are accused of sin as a sin.
In cases where a person has long remained a follower of another religion or was an atheist, from the moment he comes to Islam, observing the strict time of prayer in a mosque is mandatory for him.
The second requirement is coming of age. In this case, it does not mean legal capacity, but the moment when a person matures sexually. And this time is individual for each person.
The third requirement is mental health. If he has any deviation, then he is exempted from following the prayer charts. In addition, it is important that he is in a state of ritual purity. Before prayer, he needs to perform ablution - taharat.
About duties
For everyone else, there are strictly established prayer schedules. The duty of every Muslim is to perform prayers in accordance with all the rules. However, the rules in Islam allow deviations from the schedule due to force majeure situations. Because of them, the believer may delay the implementation of prayer.
Before reading dinner prayer, you need to utter in a whisper or to yourself an intention. One needs to pray only in a clean environment and in clean clothes. To pray, it makes sense to change clothes. In addition, during the performance of both female prayer and male prayer, it is necessary to cover several parts of the body - aurat.
This refers to the "shameful" places for Islam on the body. Letting go of the prayers, you need to turn to face the Kaaba. She is in Mecca. At the same time, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, if the time of lunch prayer overtook a person in public transport, he may not turn to the Kaaba.
About actions
Any namaz - whether it is fards, wajibs, sunnats or nafl namaz - is formed from a series of sequential actions that are repeated. Each prayer, including Friday prayer, is divided into periods - rak'ah. They are strictly defined sequences of movements and phrases. Begin them, standing listening to the reading of the Koran. Then they bow to the belt, and then, standing up, stand up, taking a vertical position. Then they again bow down. It is repeated twice. Every second rak'ah ends with a seat for reading tashahhud. The number of periods in dinner prayers for women, for men, in morning prayers, in evening prayers varies.
For women
If we are talking about prayer for women, it must be borne in mind that they do not need to pronounce azan and ikamat. In addition, they do not let go of the prayers of the whole team. A female representative tries to send every prayer at home, not in mosques. A woman does not come to Friday prayers either. At the same time, she can participate in collective prayers on the territory of the house, being behind men.
Before the start of the prayers, the female representative must make sure that all parts of her body, with the exception of her hands, feet, are covered with opaque, dense clothing. It is also important to make sure that your hair is covered and your wrists will not be exposed during this ritual.
In cases when at least a quarter of her body appears to be open during prayers, she can say Subanallah 3 times, which will take about 6 seconds. After that, prayer will be considered invalid. After a person is convinced that each namaz condition is fulfilled, he is ready to fulfill it.
More about the procedure
Intention is a mental readiness to take any action. It is important to realize that a person is about to release a prayer. It is necessary to think over mentally which prayer will be performed. Otherwise, prayer is not considered valid.
Intention must be heard in the head before a person begins to let go of the prayer. It is important to stand up straight, look with your eyes to where the forehead will go down with a bow to the earth. It is not recommended to tilt your head and lower your chin to your chest.
Female representatives undertake to put their legs close to each other. Their knees should be joined. There should not be much space between them. It is forbidden to give prayers, being alone in clothes that a woman would not wear in public.
It is not recommended to pray in tight clothes. Even if the aurat is closed and no one is around, you should refrain from this.
About the beginning of prayer
Raising their palms to the qiblah, Muslim women begin to pronounce the first takbirs - “Allahu Akbar”. In essence, this is the beginning of prayer. Until its completion, a woman cannot leave her until she reaches the end.
Having made takbir, the woman puts her hands on her chest. She puts her right hand on her fingers with her left. She does not need to lay her hands on her belly button, just like the male representatives. She does not need to move, if that is not necessary. All she needs to do is stand still - the quieter the better.
When you want to scratch yourself, you need to do this only in extreme cases, spending as little effort and time as possible. In this case, you need to stand upright, and evenly distribute the weight to 2 legs. At the same time, the look right in front of you is important, you do not need to take it away, look around. In this position, the introductory dua “sana” is read.
Next, the woman asks for protection from shaitan. After that, she reads the basmala. Then she reads the surah of Al-Fatiha, and ends the reading by saying “Amin.” Say it a little in chant - stretching "a" and "and".
At the same time, it is important to note that even with quiet prayer it is necessary that a person hear himself. Some parts of prayer are pronounced quietly enough. “Reading” only in thoughts, without the participation of the speech apparatus, actually means the invalidity of prayer.
Following the surah of Al-Fatih, the following is read. At the same time, you need to read at least 3 short verses or replace them with one long one. A long ayat is equal in length to three short ones. Most often, when a person is taught namaz, they are given short suras, which are listed at the end of the Qur'an.
The second sura is read only in the first 2 rak'ahs. In prayer vitr, the second sura is read in every rak'ah. All these passages are given directly in the Quran. From there they are taken. When the reading of the surah ends, the Muslim women pronounce takbir - “Allahu Akbar”, and then bow to the belt - hand.
Gender differences
In the hand of the female representatives there is no need to stretch the back, like men. No need to bow as low as men do.
In the position of the hand, the male representatives clasp their knees with their fingers, while a woman can just put her hands on her knees so that her fingers are at a close distance from each other. That is, there must be space between them. In addition, female representatives do not need to keep their legs upright. Instead, they can bend their knees slightly forward.
As for men, the rules are different for them - they need to keep their hands away from the sides. Women push their hands to their sides. The gaze at this moment should be directed to the feet.
When you are in the position of the hand you need to praise Allah three times, saying "Subhana robbiyazym." This translates as "The Great Lord Has No Flaws." This phrase is said in an even and calm tone.
When straightening, you need to say, “Allah is the liman hamidah,” this must be said until the body again takes up a completely vertical position. When a person straightens up completely, he says, "Robbana wa lakal hamd."
In this position, you do not need to put your hands on your chest, they need to be lowered on the sides. It is imperative to completely straighten for this. The gaze should be directed to the place of the sajjah. The same applies to standing - kyama.
These actions are followed by an earthly bow. Performing it, Muslim women pronounce "Allahu Akbar." It is important for men not to lower their torso before both knees are on the floor. For women, this rule has not been written - they can immediately bow down.
At the same time, women need to bow so that the stomach is pressed to the hips, and the hands are to the sides. In addition, they need to leave their feet on the floor, folding them on the right side.
Men should not lower their hands to the floor, bowing. However, women, by contrast, need to put their whole hand. Having descended into this position, one must say three times, "Subhana robbial ala." It is important to keep calm and not rush.
Having made the first bow, one should sit on the floor with the left thigh and then say “Allahu Akbar”. In this case, you need to straighten, folding your legs on the right side of the body, laying the left leg on the shin of the right. It is important to consider that it is impossible to make a second earthly bow without straightening up.
Next, you need to put your palms, fingers pressing against each other. It is necessary to stack them so that there is no free space between them. At the same time, the gaze is directed to the knees. In this position, you need to stay for enough time to pronounce "Subkhanallah." A complete list of all actions is contained in the Quran.
About Friday prayer
Juma-namaz is an obligatory mass Muslim prayer. Produce it on Friday, while at noon prayer in the mosque. The way to perform the Juma prayer is written in the Qur'an.
Duties
This prayer is obligatory sent by men who have already reached the age of majority. For women, it is desirable, but it is not necessary to fulfill its conditions. The same applies to physically weak people. At the moment, theologians indicate that it is undesirable for women to attend collective prayers, and this requirement fully applies to Friday prayers. Everyone who has converted to Islam is forbidden to stop this prayer without any good reason. But if we are talking about natural disasters - frosts, the threat of avalanches, rainstorms - then send a prayer is not necessary.
About the order of commission
Even before prayer, an important condition is the washing of a Muslim. He needs to cut his nails, wearing clean and festive clothes. It makes sense to use perfume. In no case should you eat foods that have pungent odors - garlic, onions, and so on.
Before the beginning of the prayer, the second azan is uttered, a sermon is given - to the hutbu. It is divided into 2 parts. Between them it is recommended to sit down briefly. Then, the faithful, together with the imam, begin directly to prayer. Moreover, the performance of prayers on Friday gives the right not to perform prayers at noon.
About reality
We must remember the strictness of the rules in Islam in order for prayer to be considered valid. So, prayer should be read in the territory of large settlements. In each village for the fulfillment of Juma prayer you need to gather in one place. But if Muslims in one territory performed this prayer in different places, only one will be considered valid from them - the one that was sent before the others.
In order to hold Friday prayers, the imam undertakes to obtain permission from the local authorities. It is important that the prayer time coincides with the noon prayer time. It is necessary that at least 1 sane man attend a sermon. The mosque in which the namaz takes place should be open to everyone. An exception is buildings that are closed for security reasons.
About unwanted actions
In addition to the above prohibitions, there are a number of actions that are not prohibited to perform. However, allowing them is highly discouraged. This list includes lateness in the mosque. Muslims should always strive to get to places of prayer in advance.
This applies to all types of religious rituals that are prescribed in the Quran, performed in mosques. The thing is that a latecomer will interfere with those who have already begun to pray, the attention of believers for moments will switch to him. Anyone who comes later than the others must in no case take a place in the front ranks, stepping over Muslims. You cannot walk between the rows and cause inconvenience to anyone. In addition, during the sermon it is strictly forbidden to talk, distract others. A ban of this kind takes effect as soon as the imam ascends to his place, from which he reads the text of his sermon.