One of the national symbols of Russia is beautiful printed scarves with garlands of flowers, from ancient times produced in this small town near Moscow. Thanks to what he is known far beyond the borders of the country. The population of Pavlovsky Posad is justly proud of the traditional folk craft.
general review
Pavlovsky Posad is a city of regional subordination to the Moscow region. Posad in the 10-16 century was called a settlement located behind the fortress wall in which artisans lived and worked. Later, in the Russian Empire, the so-called urban-type settlement. It was founded in 1844 after the unification of five nearby villages at the request of the population of Pavlovsky Posad. Later several more villages were attached to the city. Historically, the place was known as Pavlovo from the beginning of the 14th century.
It is located at a distance of 65 km east of Moscow, with geographic coordinates - 55 ° 47′00 ″ s. w. 38 ° 39′00 ″ in. e. Three rivers flow through the city - Klyazma, Vohonka and Hottsa. The total area occupied by the village is 39 square meters. km The population of Pavlovsky Posad is about 65 thousand people.
The city is known as the center of the textile industry (the manufacture of fabrics and finished products), in addition, several companies manufacturing industrial products and food industry enterprises work in it.
Pavlovsky Posad managed to preserve, as many residents and guests note, the amazing atmosphere and features of a provincial Russian city in the mid-19th century. Brick and wooden buildings create an amazing visual range characteristic of the past era.
Population
The first census was carried out twelve years after the formation of the city. Count how many people live in Pavlovsky Posad, began in 1856, then the number was 2900 people. In 1897, 10 thousand lived in the city, a sharp increase was due to the fact that several more villages were annexed.
In the Soviet period, the largest growth occurred in the period from 1931 to 1939, when the population of Pavlovsky Posad in the Moscow Region grew from 28.5 to 42.8 thousand. What was connected with the processes of industrialization, the construction of new plants and the expansion of production volumes of light industry enterprises. In the postwar years, the population grew smoothly. The maximum population of 71 thousand was reached in the late eighties. In post-Soviet times, the population declined until 2002 (62 thousand). Then there were minor periods of growth and contraction. In the past three years, the population has declined again, according to 2018, amounted to 64,865.
Early story
The territory of Pavlovsky Posad, before obtaining the status of a city, was called Vohonskaya volost, and the largest settlement is Vohna, because it is located on the river of the same name. The region was part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The first written mention dates back to the beginning of the 14th century, then the territory was the estate of Grand Duke Ivan Kalita. It was impossible to determine the population of Pavlovsky Posad at that time due to the constant internecine wars and external invasions.
In troubled times, residents participated in battles with Polish invaders, although some of them first sided with False Dmitry 2. However, later, after understanding, they already fought against the troops of the Tushino thief. Of the 119 villages, only 62 had residents, the rest were devastated by Poles and Lithuanians. In several battles, including at the village of Dubovo on the Klyazma River (now it is Mira Street), the inhabitants defeated a detachment of Poles.
Further story
In the Patriotic War of 1812, the territory of Pavlovsky Posad was the extreme point where the French troops reached. The inhabitants of the region distinguished themselves again by creating partisan detachments and smashing the convoys of the interventionists. In the Great Patriotic War, the best buildings of the city were given over to hospitals and for military purposes, up to 40% of the male population in the first days went to war.
In Soviet times, the city developed steadily, reaching its peak in 70 - 80 years. The population has increased significantly, traditional production has been expanded and modernized, and new factories have been built.
Handkerchief History
From ancient times in Pavlovsky Posad there was a traditional artisanal textile industry. The scarf manufacturing company was created by I.D. Labzin, a peasant in the village of Pavlovo, in 1795. His great-grandson, together with V.I. Gryaznov, who joined him a little later, reformatted the production, organizing the production of printed woolen shawls, very popular in Russian society of those times. The first shawls appeared on sale in the second half of the 19th century.
The heyday of the factory fell on the last decades of the 19th century, the company receives the highest awards of Russian industrial exhibitions. After nationalization, production and product range were significantly expanded. New patterns, colors appeared, the production of cotton fabrics began, while traditional motifs and patterns were preserved. Now the enterprise is again private and still continues its glorious traditions. For residents and guests, Pavlovo Posad shawls are a real symbol of the city, in their opinion, they are one of the best in the world.
sights
One of the main architectural monuments of the city is the Pokrovsky-Vasilievsky Monastery. The temple was built in 1874, later a women's almshouse was added to it, in 1894 it became a convent. The temple was built on the initiative and at the expense of the founder of the production of Pavlovo Posad shawls, Y. I. Labzin. In memory of his companion V.I. Gryaznov, who was canonized in 1999 and canonized as locally revered saints. In 1989, a temple was opened on the site of an abandoned monastery, in 1995 it was transformed into a man’s monastery. The city also has temples revered by the population of Pavlovsky Posad.
In 2018, to the 90th anniversary of the birth of V. Tikhonov, a native of the city, a house museum will open. It is planned to install a tractor in front of the building, on which the actor starred in the film “It Was in Penkov” and “Opel” from the series “17 Moments of Spring”. On display will be the props used during the shooting.
Naturally, one of the main attractions is the Museum of the History of the Russian Shawl and Shawl, in which one of the largest collections of handicrafts. According to the reviews of city guests, only the country's central museums can boast the best exposition of decorative art.
Economy
Starting in the 18th century, light industry is actively developing in Pavlovsky Posad. The main enterprise - Pavlovo-Posad shawl manufactory - in 2017 produced more than 1.5 square meters. m. of fabrics worth 670 million rubles. The factory produces about 1,500 types of products, employs 700 people. Another oldest enterprise in the industry is Pavlovo-Posadsky silk, which produces a wide range of tapestries, pillows and fabrics. The company is an official supplier of the Moscow Kremlin. Since 1884, the Pavlovo-Posad Sagittarius has been operating, producing a wide range of semi-woolen fabrics. For two centuries, the population of the city of Pavlovsky Posad has been getting jobs at these enterprises.
The city has an exciton integrated circuit manufacturing plant, which once produced the first Soviet computers. A number of enterprises produce industrial, chemical (a subsidiary of the German chemical concern BASF), metallurgical products. As the population of Pavlovsky Posad in the Moscow Region notes, due to the fact that industry has been preserved, the city has an offer of jobs.
Infrastructure
The city has a developed social infrastructure. In addition to secondary and special educational institutions, there are branches of three Russian universities. Only in 2016-2017, several shopping centers were opened in the city ("Course", "Yes"), the Pyaterochka and Red @ White retail chains, and the Stolichka pharmacy chain expanded.
New catering facilities began to operate, including the Lunch Buffet cafe, the Fed raccoon, and the village village cafe network expanded. At the service of residents and visitors of the city there are many consumer services enterprises, including "Sorcerers", "Status". No matter how many people live in Pavlovsky Posad, social infrastructure provides a decent standard of living. According to residents, the city has a fairly developed service sector.