Unfortunately, domestic schools do not teach such a useful thing as writing abstracts. The only oratory effort, the report that we read before the class, is a lecture — that is, an overview of the views existing in the scientific world on this subject. But here we are growing up and becoming students. And here the supervisor puzzles us with the task: to write theses for term paper. Or for a student conference. But as the theses write, the head does not specify. As if we should know about this a priori. Well, let's study. Moreover, these two or three pages of text create your portrait as a scientific researcher and determine the success of your work.
What are abstracts and how to write them
Inexperienced students believe that this is the digest of the entire term paper or a large scientific article. Others consider the thesis as a recorded report at the conference. Still others - a simple list of key points. All these students are both right and wrong at the same time. Abstracts are a small but self-contained article. It includes the main points of your scientific research, while it is written in a simple and clear language and is a short squeeze of all the great work. There are certain requirements on how to write theses for an article, for a conference, for defending a dissertation, but, in principle, the essence of this essay is the same: to make it clear to the reader what the work is about, what is its novelty and uniqueness, what postulates do you advocate and what is your evidence base . At the same time, the course of your logical reasoning should be clearly traced in the work.
The structure of theses. Topic
As we have already mentioned, these are 2-3 pages of text written by 12 crucibles in the Word. Or 10 minutes of reading slowly. The report usually gives about 15 minutes, so that it is possible to mention in it what could not be accommodated in the abstract. This short article should have a clear structure. We start with the topic. She should be as specific as possible and really relate to the essence of the article. In addition, it should be consistent with the theme of the conference. And it is desirable that it affect the novelty. The topic should not be too long - a maximum of one and a half lines. There are two approaches to how theses are written. The first is that first they choose the topic that they want to reveal, and then, without departing from it, create a short article. And the second method is to write theses, which come up with the name. You can do as you prefer. Students are often deprived of a choice, because the topic is asked by the supervisor.
Introduction. Novelty
A small volume of the article excludes all spills of thought on wood. No lyrical digressions and departure from the topic are generally allowed. Therefore, the very first sentence should carry valuable information. It answers two questions at once: “What will I write about?” And “Why is what I'm talking about here important?” From this, listeners or readers understand if your work has scientific novelty, or is it just school abstract listing all known facts. This is how experienced speakers write theses. They begin their text with the following words: “In this paper we will consider ...” or “Our article is devoted to the problem ...”. And the following sentence: "Despite the common belief that ...", "I will try to prove ...". An entry is usually dedicated to one paragraph.
Main text. Examples and evidence base
The novice speaker is torn between striving to give concrete examples to prove his case, and setting out global conclusions. It is important here to adhere to the golden mean. A simple statement of facts will lose all meaning, and unconfirmed conclusions will seem like an unfounded statement. Structured thinking will help you make good text. There are several methods for how to write abstracts. The most common is an analysis of the logic of development of your thought. Why did you come to such conclusions, and not others? What facts did you build on? How did you analyze them? In doing so, try to avoid logical gaps. It does not matter if you first structure your thoughts on the points: 1, 2, 3. Then from this draft it will be convenient to create a presentation or handouts. But the points themselves are best told in a vibrant but clear language. There should be one or two examples of your case, for each provision.
Conclusion
This part of the thesis summarizes everything above. It repeats the introduction, only reformulated in the past tense. “So we justified ...” is the most common beginning of a sentence phrase. It would not hurt to remind the audience again about the novelty and uniqueness of your work. But if in the introduction it is appropriate to ask the question: “Is this really the case, am I justified now?”, Then the conclusions need to be completely categorical. How do you write abstracts with a bibliography? It would be foolish to cite all the sources that you use for a dissertation in a text on three pages. Suffice it to mention four to five works, which are either authoritative in this field, or cited in theses.
Conference Report
At scientific symposia, speakers are invited to write abstracts in advance. Sometimes these articles are published in collections. But regardless of whether this text of yours goes to print, it has its own specifics. How to write abstracts for the conference? Such a text may be more concise - because you will have time to more fully disclose the topic in the report. Conference abstracts are usually limited to two pages. Or even one. This is necessary in order to enlighten the potential listener about what your article will be about. Sometimes work is done in sections, and a program with theses of speeches will allow those interested in this topic to find a speaker. In such articles, you can do without tables, diagrams and diagrams - all this can be submitted in handouts or beautifully highlighted in a presentation. You also need to prepare for the fact that after the report you may be asked questions. Think in advance where the weaknesses are in the evidence base, so as not to get into trouble. The report at the conference should definitely be larger and broader than the theses. Otherwise, why did you even enter the rostrum if you read on a piece of paper what is in the hands of the audience? But to exceed the time limit in scientific circles is a sign of bad taste. Make a speech and practice - your recitation should be within fifteen minutes.