Among the problems existing in the field of housing and communal services, a particular concern for citizens is the question regarding the duration of the heating period . Many do not know when it begins and ends, who is responsible for the supply of heat. Further in the article we will deal with these issues.
Myths about the heating season
Among citizens there are several erroneous opinions:
- Due to the fact that ZhSK, UK or HOA is responsible for the implementation of utilities, these organizations are also responsible for supplying heat to homes. Accordingly, it is they who decide when to start the period of the heating season .
- Due to the fact that hot water comes from a resource-supplying company, it is she who makes the decision to start supplying heat.
- Since the standards and tariffs for payment for services are established by regional authorities, it is they who are responsible for the beginning and end of the heating period .
Another common myth is related to the timing of heat supply. Many believe that the heating period begins not earlier than after 5 days, during which the outdoor temperature will be below +8 degrees. Accordingly, some citizens believe that if this condition is met for 4 days, and on the fifth day the temperature rises above +8, heat will not be supplied.
Rules for the provision of utilities
This document was approved by government decree No. 354 of 2011. The Rules provide clarifications on many issues related to the provision of housing services to the public. The order of heat supply is also explained in them.
As established in paragraph 5 of the Rules, if the supply of thermal energy for heating is carried out through the intra-house engineering systems of the centralized support network, then the beginning and end of the heating period is established by the authorized body. Moreover, it should begin no later than and end no earlier than the day following the end date of the five-day period, during which the average daily air temperature in the street was lower or higher than 8 degrees. respectively.
Explanations
The words "no later than" mean that the heating period the contractor (service provider) can start earlier than the deadline. In theory, this can happen at any time, but depends on the outside air. During the heating period t air can be different. However, it is the average indicator per day that matters.
For example, on the street during the day +12, and at night +2 degrees. Thus, it turns out that the average value is +7. It must be understood that the average temperature of the heating period in different regions is different. Accordingly, it also affects the duration of the heat supply period.
Based on the provisions of paragraph 5 of the Rules, we can conclude that the contractor has the right to turn on the heating at any time. But the obligation to do this arises if he has kept the average temperature below +8 for 5 days.
Authorized body
The Rules do not indicate who is responsible for the heating period. With the outside temperature, everything is more or less clear. It is not clear which authority should be considered authorized. We turn to the provisions of the Federal Law No. 131.
In 4 clause 1 of part 16 of the article of the specified regulatory document, issues related to the jurisdiction of municipal authorities include the organization of gas, water, heat, sewage and sewage within the municipalities. On the basis of article 7 of the same law, on local issues, legal acts are adopted directly by the population or territorial self-government structures (their officials).
Therefore, the organization of heat supply is included in the list of issues that local authorities make decisions on. This conclusion is specified in the Rules and regulations for the operation of the housing stock. In paragraph 2.6.9 it is established that the heating period begins on the date specified in the legal acts of the territorial self-government structures. In the absence of such a decision, neither HOA, nor the Criminal Code, nor other organizations can begin to supply heat to homes, even if within 5 days. The average daily temperature is below +8.
findings
Based on the above information, we can conclude the following. The authority to decide on the start of the heating period is vested in local authorities. The exception is the city of the Fed. values (St. Petersburg, Sevastopol, Moscow). In them, relevant decisions may be adopted by state authorities.
The heating period should begin after five days, during which the average daily temperature was at around +8. Simply put, heat is supplied on the sixth day. At the same time, the legislation does not prohibit starting the heating period earlier than the specified time. But, in any case, there must be a decision of local authorities.
Calculation of the heating system
It is carried out according to several parameters:
- The average temperature of the heating period. It is expressed in degrees.
- The duration of the heating period (in degree days ).
- The temperature indicator of the air in the street in cold weather. Standard values are given in SNiP 2.04.05-91.
Degree-day calculated by the following formula:
GSOP = (Tv - Tot.per.) X z , in which:
- Tvn - indoor temperature. For private houses, the indicator set in GOST 12.1.005-88 (20 degrees) is used.
- Tot.per. - temperature of the heating period .
- Z is the duration of the heat supply period.
The value of the last two parameters is set in SNiP 23-01-99.
The indicated parameters are different in different cities. This is due to the different duration of the heat supply period and the different temperature of the outside air. So, for example, in the northern regions the duration of the period can be more than 300 days, and in the southern - not exceed two months.
Features of heat supply
Heating in the house is served according to certain rules. If the supply is carried out through the central engineering networks, then the heat enters through the pipeline. It is connected to the central boiler houses of the corresponding region and cogeneration plants. From there he goes to the house.
In central boiler rooms, water is used as a heat carrier. Used heating systems allow you to keep its temperature at the same level. In heating plants, the heat carrier is steam. It first enters the turbines, where it is used to generate electricity, and then enters the pipeline.
The direct supply of steam or water is carried out in an extensive engineering network. It passes above and below the ground to structures. The network has two pipes. According to the first, the coolant goes to consumers, and by the second, it is already chilled back. Due to the continuous circulation in the apartments, the optimum temperature is maintained.
As a rule, pipes with a section up to 140 cm are used in engineering and technical heating networks . They are made of steel sheets and protected by heat-insulating materials.
The apartments have thin pipes, radiators are installed to increase the heating efficiency.
System Nuances
It is logical that in summer there is no need for heating. Therefore, in the warm season, heating is turned off. This happens, as a rule, in the spring, after the temperature in the street is established and held at at least +8 5 days. Turn on the heat usually in the fall.
Turning off the heating for the summer allows citizens to save on utility bills. At the same time, service organizations can check the serviceability of engineering systems, identify and fix malfunctions, or carry out the replacement of worn-out elements.
Finally
Questions relating to the heating season, as a rule, concern mainly the population living in harsh climatic conditions. In remote areas of the country, the summer period lasts about 1-2 months. Air temperature drops already in September. In October-November, frosts begin in some regions. All this significantly complicates not only the lives of citizens, but also the work of the housing and communal services. The heating system is under increased load, and the warm season is sometimes not enough to conduct checks and eliminate identified malfunctions.
The easiest way to residents of the southern regions. Here the situation is the opposite. Winter in such regions lasts 1-2 months. The rest of the time, the air temperature is positive.
However, it should be said that the heat supply to the population operates throughout the country. This means that if in the southern regions the average daily temperature for 5 days is kept at a mark below +8, heating should be turned on for citizens.
Heat can be supplied not only to multi-unit buildings, but also to private houses. However, far from all this is beneficial. Connecting to a centralized network costs more than installing an autonomous system in a home.