Psychology is a specialized field of science engaged in the study of the occurrence, patterns of manifestation and evolution of mental actions and processes, all conditions, characteristic properties of humans and animals.
Before you begin to consider the tasks of psychology, you should determine the terminology. Mental processes include perception, sensations, imagination, memory, thinking. They mean frustration (a condition that occurs when it is impossible to satisfy needs), emotions, motivation, etc. Mental properties are temperament, abilities, character traits.
The definition of psychology has developed in ancient Greece. Literally, the concept means "knowledge of the soul."
Today, science is exploring many different areas. Each of them has its own features, methods, tasks.
General psychology is a territory of specific scientific definitions and knowledge, specializing in the study of the development and functioning of the psyche as a whole.
The subject and tasks of psychology (general) are determined by the basic, leading laws of development of mental reality. The subject of psychology is the psyche, and science itself over time has divided into many highly specialized branches and directions. More precisely, the image of a tree conveys the structure of psychology. Its trunk or foundation is general psychology, which studies the characteristics of an adult, mature, healthy person. This part of science is the foundation for the development of the remaining sections. It gives definitions to basic concepts, studies and defines general patterns.
Branches of a conditional tree are branches of psychology. There are a lot of them:
• Where general psychology was confronted with technical sciences, labor psychology and engineering arose. The subject and tasks of psychology of this kind are aimed at studying changes in the human psyche in the production process. They determine motivation, study the changes that occur during labor processes.
• At the junction with medicine, several industries appeared at once. The subject and tasks of medical psychology turned out to be so diverse that a whole series of narrower branches branched off from them: pathopsychology, psychotherapy, medical psychology.
• One of the most important subspecies formed in the development of general psychology is pedagogical. The subject of pedagogical psychology is the tools, methods and patterns of assimilation and cognition of the sociocultural experience that a person gains in the learning process. Here also study the patterns of personal and intellectual development of the child. Pedagogical psychology perceives the child as a subject of educational and pedagogical activity, which is organized and systematized by the teacher depending on the conditions in which the educational process can occur. The study of this process is the main, main task of educational psychology.
This science, in turn, also split into several more specialized sections. The first is the psychology of educational activity, which studies the processes of pedagogical activity and learning in unity. The second examines the subjects of educational activity, the third - subjects of pedagogical activity (teachers). The fourth section - the psychology of educational and pedagogical cooperation, is a unifying link in the field of educational psychology.
There is also social and military psychology, the age and legal industry, the psychology of art, management, sports, etc.
The subject and tasks of each type of psychology are determined by the type of relationship (for example, “man-machine”, “man-work of art”, etc.), the subject of psychological activity.
Today, no side of life can do without knowledge of this science. Knowledge of her postulates helps to find the right motivation, raise children, maximize working capacity, improve the quality of life. You can become a professional in this field after graduating from the faculties of psychology, which are available in many universities of the country.