The technologies of level differentiation presuppose a learning system in which each student has the opportunity to master a certain minimum of general education, which helps him adapt in changing life situations. This approach allows teachers to consider the inclinations and capabilities of the child.
What is differentiation?
The technology of level differentiation refers to a group of technologies that set the following goals:
- to increase educational motivation and develop cognitive interests;
- to educate all students according to their capabilities with the help of intergroup (external) and intraclass differentiation;
- development of personality parameters: responsibility, independence, creativity, hard work, adequate self-esteem.
This technology allows you to prepare children for specialized knowledge at the senior level of education, provides a choice for students by providing him with initial professional skills.
For the effective organization of the educational process, it is necessary to use an individually-differentiated approach to students, taking into account their interests, abilities, capabilities.
Study Area - Math
For example, level differentiation technologies in teaching mathematics are of particular importance. This can be explained by the specifics of the subject itself. He is considered one of the most difficult educational areas, which far from all modern schoolchildren have been given to comprehend. The technology of level differentiation of education is ideal for the queen of sciences. It enables the child to work in his own optimal rhythm, to cope with the task, to increase interest in learning activities, to form a positive attitude towards mathematics as a science.
The technology of level differentiation in mathematics should take into account the psychological characteristics of children, their real abilities and capabilities.
Psychologists pay special attention to the temperament of students. It affects the dynamics of the course of not only emotional, but also volitional, thought processes, therefore, affects the outcome of educational activities.
Technology features
The pedagogical technology of level differentiation involves the assimilation of material by children at different levels, despite the fact that they are taught in the same class with one textbook and program. In order for this technique to be successful and efficient, the following conditions must be met:
- materials that the guys learn should be open and accessible;
- during training, the child’s growth sequence is maintained at individual levels;
- independence of the choice of the level of assimilation of the material, reporting option.
The technology of level differentiation of education is a form of organization of educational and educational processes, in which the teacher works with a group of students compiled taking into account the presence of common qualities required for the proposed activity. This technique can be considered an integral part of the general didactic system, which ensures the specialization of the educational process for different groups of students.
For example, in the process of studying chemistry within a class, multilevel groups are formed by the quality of ZUN:
- strong guys;
- with average abilities;
- weak schoolchildren.
The technology of level differentiation belongs to the group of technologies that have the following parameters:
- supply of educational material in blocks;
- the use of the educational and methodological complex (compulsory tasks, special didactic materials, questions of an increased level of complexity);
- prevention of gaps by means of offsets.
Application of the technique in mathematics lessons
How can you use level differentiation technologies in mathematics? Let's try to understand this issue. At the stage of explaining new material, the teacher offers a group of strong students their tasks that are creative in nature.
The technology, based on level differentiation, involves the explanation of material for medium and weak students in the class. The guys who are in the last group get acquainted with the new material based on the tables of the school textbook. Then they receive a task from the teacher, for which they need to once again consolidate the material.
Moving forward is based on a periodic return to familiar material, which is gradually becoming more complicated. Such a technique is not accompanied by a loss of interest in the subject; on the contrary, level differentiation technologies contribute to increasing interest in the queen of sciences.
Groups created by development level are mobile. At any time, the child can move into a stronger group, receiving a high mark as a motivation.
Educational aspect
The technology of level differentiation in the lesson allows the teacher not only to polish, but also to deepen skills. For example, the teacher selects consultants for the formation of organizational skills among the children. They perform the following functions:
- check the tasks that their classmates perform, review the work;
- help weak students in identifying errors after independent and control work;
- organize a basic repetition of the material.
Technologies based on the level differentiation of education allow the teacher to bring the level of preparation of weak children to the level of the middle group, to increase their degree of independence.
The task of the teacher
Level differentiation technologies include models that allow the teacher to solve certain problems at each stage of the training session. The activity is organized in such a way that the share of independent work of schoolchildren increases, and the help from the teacher decreases. Weak children are offered cards with tasks containing instructions for their implementation. For students with a high level of ZUN, the teacher selects creative exercises of an increased level.
Models of level differentiation technology are also suitable for the stage of control of skills. Schoolchildren have the right to independently choose tasks, since the teacher offers control and independent work at various levels.
When checking completed assignments, the teacher takes into account not only the quality of implementation, but also the degree of creative involvement of the child.
Homework can also be a differentiated option. The technologies of level differentiation in elementary school, used in the lessons of mathematics, the Russian language, contribute to increasing the cognitive interest of students in educational activities. To achieve maximum results, the teacher must carefully approach the selection of didactic material, classroom classroom with reference materials.
Educational activities
The use of differentiation contributes to the solution of pedagogical problems , taking into account the psychological and social characteristics of class groups. Such technology can be considered intermediate between frontal collective activity and individual work with each pupil.
Differentiation of educational activities contributes to the allocation of such forms of work that are acceptable to all students.
The teacher creates optimal conditions for self-development and self-improvement of each member of the classroom team. This allows the school to meet the requirements of new educational standards.
Areas of application of the differential approach
This technology is appropriate for the organization of competitions, games, the creation of pedagogical situations that contribute to the identification of individual qualities of students. For the successful application of a differentiated approach in educational and educational activities, the teacher must take into account interpersonal relations between the team and the group, adults and children.
The effectiveness of the use of technology is directly related to the creative atmosphere of understanding and cooperation that exists in a particular class (educational organization).
Educational activities
Differentiation is the sum of various forms and methods of pedagogical impact on the child, allowing each student to study and develop, taking into account his individual characteristics and abilities.
The essence of this approach is as follows:
- achievement of compulsory results by each child is ensured taking into account his real educational opportunities;
- providing conditions for the development of creative, cognitive, communicative potential of the child;
- building an individual development path.
Differentiation criteria
In order to study the individual capabilities of schoolchildren, as well as the main criteria of the analyzed technology, real educational opportunities are used: training, learning ability, cognitive interest. Each of these properties has a significant impact on the success of training. The main parameter is the level of training, since the level of formation of cognitive interest directly depends on it. Such an approach is fully consistent with modern pedagogical and psychological views and tasks set for educational institutions.
Consideration of the typological features of schoolchildren involves the identification of indicators on the basis of which diagnostic materials are created.
For example, psychologists currently use STUR (school tests of mental development) in their professional activities. As the main condition for the successful application of the differential approach, we can consider the creation of temporary typological groups.
Based on special pedagogical and psychological literature, there are:
- groups with a high level of training, in which children have a steady interest in one, several academic disciplines;
- groups with an average level of training;
- groups with minimal training and interest in the educational process.
The practical importance of the technique
The use of differentiated tasks in different elements of training contributes to the solution of specific educational and educational tasks:
- provides the ability to systematize, deepen, generalize skills and abilities;
- stimulates the formation of independent activity of schoolchildren;
- helps align skills and knowledge.
The independent acquisition of knowledge within the framework of an educational organization and at home are two interconnected stages that should complement each other. The teacher, compiling homework in the framework of a differentiated approach, plans tasks of varying degrees of difficulty, of different volumes, taking into account the specific interests and capabilities of students. To facilitate the work of students and teachers, collections of differentiated tasks have been developed in each field of knowledge. In them, questions and exercises are organized into sections, and in each part there are both basic questions and exercises of an increased level of complexity.
The basic level is suitable for children of low and medium level of training, allows them to consolidate the skills acquired in the lesson, to develop them. Of increased complexity, exercises and assignments are intended for strong students with increased motivation for the educational process.
Conclusion
For the proper organization of the educational and educational process, it is necessary to select a rational system of techniques and methods of training, analysis of results. Innovative educational technologies, one of which is differentiation, help to take into account the individual capabilities and abilities of students, their motivation for educational activities.
Depending on the content of the discipline, in addition to differentiation, the teacher can use other modern educational technologies to help him optimize his activities. For example, problem situations are created, heuristic, illustrative, research, design work, modern technical training tools are used.
As part of the correction and control of universal learning skills formed by schoolchildren, the teacher uses the methodology of multilevel assessment and knowledge control. It includes various training tests and tasks, dictations, special cards, independent work, home exercises of a teaching and controlling kind.
As a criterion for the professionalism of a modern school teacher, one can consider the quality of preparation for schoolchildren, fulfillment of educational and educational tasks, and the use of innovative pedagogical educational technologies.
A true professional perfectly understands that each student has certain abilities and skills, formed by cognitive interest, a degree of independence. His task is a preliminary study of these indicators, the selection for each child of individual educational and educational trajectories, help in successfully promoting the child along the chosen path.
The technology of level differentiation is a universal technique for solving those tasks that are currently set by the state in front of domestic educational institutions.