When the car starts, a significant part of the electric current from the battery is lost. To resume this charge, a generator is provided in the design of any car. VAZ-2105 is also equipped with it. What is this element? How does he act? The design and operation of the generator is described later in our article.
Characteristic
This element is a unit that converts mechanical energy into electricity. The main function that the VAZ-2105 generator performs is the charge of the battery. The device only works when the engine is on, when the crankshaft rotates. On cars from Auto VAZ (2105 is no exception), an alternator is used.
Where is
The device is located in front of the engine.
The generator is driven by a crankshaft. The higher the item is, the better. After all, when water gets into it, it instantly fails.
Device
The VAZ-2105 generator consists of many nodes and parts. Among them should be noted:
- Stator.
- Rotor.
- Rectifier block.
- Brush assembly.
- Voltage regulator (in common people "chocolate").
- Alternator belt roller.
All of the above items are placed in a metal case.
The element is quite heavy and weighs at least one kilogram.
About the rotor
The main function of this node is the creation of a magnetic field. The rotor shaft has an excitation winding. The latter is placed in two pole halves, each of which has 6 protrusions. Also on the shaft are contact rings. Thanks to them, the exciting winding is powered. Additionally, fan impellers and a driven driven pulley are placed on the rotor shaft. The bearing and roller of the alternator belt are maintenance free items.
Stator
This element is used to generate alternating current. The stator combines in its design a winding and a metal core. The latter is a set of plates. In the grooves of the core, loop or wave laying of the winding is used.
Body
It consists of two covers - back and front.
The latter is located on the side of the crankshaft drive pulley. Both generator covers are connected using several long bolts. Production material - aluminum. It easily dissipates heat and does not magnetize, which is very suitable for the operation of the generator. Also on the case are provided ventilation holes and "paws" of fastening.
Brushes
They serve to transfer electric current to the slip rings. The brush assembly includes two graphite elements. They are pressed to the base with a spring. All these parts are fixed in the housing - brush holder. In recent generations, this element is structurally combined with a voltage regulator and is a single, non-separable unit.
Rectifier block
It is necessary to convert the sinusoidal voltages that are generated by the generator. This block is a metal plate on which diodes are mounted. They also serve as a heat sink.
There are 6 power diodes in the rectifier unit (two elements for each phase). There is a positive and negative conclusion.
Winding
The VAZ-2105 engine with a timing belt has a special winding design. It is connected through a separate group, which consists of two diodes. Thanks to these rectifiers, the discharge current does not enter the battery when the engine is idle. Some motorists modify the design of the generator. If the winding is connected in the form of a "star", and two additional diodes are connected to the output, you can increase the performance of the element by 15-20 percent.
Voltage regulator
This element serves to maintain a normal voltage level in the on-board network. The VAZ-2105 generator is equipped with a semiconductor voltage regulator. Due to this, the battery does not suffer from voltage surges. Typically, the generator gives a charge in the range from 13 to 14.5 volts. When recharged, the battery plates can boil quickly.
Drive unit
This node works from a belt drive. The rotor speed is 3 times higher than the engine speed. The stronger you press the gas, the higher the voltage output. Classic cars use a V-belt.
Connection
To connect the generator, it is necessary to remove the negative terminal from the battery. Then, using a ring spanner, two fixing bolts are screwed onto 17. They fasten the housing to the base of the engine. Then the drive belt is installed. Use the roller to set its tension. Next, connect the generator terminal with plugs. The output goes to the battery through the fuse plate. Then the battery terminal is reconnected and the engine starts. The device must generate electricity and charge the battery.
Faults and repairs
First, we note that even with serious malfunctions of the generator, the VAZ-2105 can be repaired by hand. So, the first possible breakdown is interturn closures, or an open anchor winding. Symptoms - the generator refuses to generate current. A red lamp with a battery is lit on the instrument panel. Such short circuits can be determined using an ohmmeter by measuring the current resistance. Sometimes a cliff is detected by visual diagnostics.
After disassembling the generator, it is necessary to inspect the junction of the wires of the brushes and contact plates, as well as the soldering of the coil leads to the contact rings. How is the VAZ-2105 repair made? If there is a break, it can be eliminated with an ordinary soldering iron. But if this circuit is "to the housing", only the replacement of the stator or armature assembly will help here.
The next fault relates to the rectifier unit. Symptoms - the device does not generate current with a working brush assembly and in the absence of a winding break. In this case, the cause of the malfunction is the diode bridges. In the event of a break, they will not pass current through themselves or pass in both directions (accompanied by a short circuit). The rectifier unit changes entirely. Spare parts for the VAZ-2105 are cheap. The price of the new diode bridge will be about 400-500 rubles.
Voltage Regulator Malfunction
Sometimes the so-called "chocolate" fails.
How to determine the malfunction of the voltage regulator? Symptoms - the generator gives a charge in excess or with a deficiency. The battery often boils or does not charge at all. A lamp with a battery is lit on the instrument panel. It is worth noting that this is the most common failure.
How much are such parts for the VAZ-2105? The price of the new integral regulator is 150 rubles. Note that it is the same for all the classic AvtoVAZ models and even for the Zaporozhye Tavria.
How to determine that the regulator is broken? To do this, it is necessary to start the VAZ-2105 engine with a timing belt and at medium speeds turn on all electrical appliances: headlights, stove, interior light. Next, using a voltmeter, measure the voltage level on the battery itself, and then between the output terminal and the generator ground. If the readings are from 12.5 to 14 volts, then the element is in good condition. If the values are too high or low, the voltage regulator must be replaced.
Noise at work
If there is a characteristic noise in the area of the generator, this may be the wear of the armature bearings. Most often, the front element suffers, since the greatest loads are imposed on it. After disassembling the generator, it is necessary to carefully examine the condition of the holes for the bearings. If the wear in it is greater than the gap between the stator and the armature, a replacement front generator cover is required.
Otherwise, the armature will touch the stator pole during operation. The bearing is selected not only in internal and external diameter, but also in width. For example, if it is a Bosch generator, you can install a bearing in the front of the armature from the support of the input shaft of the GAZ-24-10 gearbox. In the back of the "Classic" uses elements from the "Tavria" and "Moskvich". It is worth noting that on the VAZ-2105 voltage generator, the winding is fed through a control lamp of the instrument panel. Therefore, when the circuit is broken, if the device ceases to generate current, it is necessary to “trace” the path from the winding to this light bulb. It is recommended to use a multimeter.
Conclusion
So, we found out the device and the malfunction of the alternator on the VAZ-2105. In most cases, repairs can be done with your own hands. And the cost of spare parts for the generator rarely exceeds the mark of a thousand rubles. One of the most expensive parts is the diode bridge. By the way, it fits with other Classic models.