Engines "Gazelle" are equipped with engines ZMZ-405 and 406, as well as an UMZ-4216 unit. These motors performed well in commercial vehicles. But with all the advantages with these settings, annoying breakdowns occur, such as malfunctions of candles. It is very important to know how to diagnose problems with them and how the spark plug is replaced (Gazelle). It is also important to know which brands and product brands are used for these cars.
Design
These parts can be of a wide variety of manufacturers, and may have a different design. Also, candles differ from each other in materials. By design, these elements are divided into two-electrode and multi-electrode.
So, in a part that is equipped with two electrodes - one central and one side electrode.
In the second case, there are more than one side. A larger number of electrodes allows for higher characteristics of reliability, strength and efficiency. All this will affect the service life.
Unlike a multi-electrode solution, on a classic product there is only one electrode that burns out or breaks during operation. In this case, only replacing the spark plug will help. The gazelle, on which the multi-electrode element stands, is more resistant to temperature.
Production Materials
In more affordable products, the electrodes are made of copper or yttrium alloys. With all its advantages and price, these parts do not withstand high temperatures and are unstable before fading.
More expensive candles are made of platinum. From such alloys, both central and side electrodes are made. This metal has a very high resistance to corrosion processes. They have significantly higher indicators of reliability and efficiency.
Also, in addition to materials, when choosing a parameter such as the heat number is very important. Distinguish between cold and hot parts. What it is? This is a standard feature that judges the time it takes for a part to ignite. The higher the number, the less the element will heat up.
What does the candle affect?
Some motorists are sure that this is not the most important and by no means significant element in the car.
However, this is not at all true. It may seem so because the candle simply converts the voltage into a spark.
Such quality as the quality, as well as the speed with which the working mixture will burn, depends on how high-quality the spark that is created between the electrodes will be. Needless to say, the power and fuel consumption of a car depend on this.
If the spark is insufficient, and this may be due to an incorrect gap between the two electrodes, then part of the fuel will fly out, as they say, into the pipe and will not perform work. Another fault of this part is misfire. This is due to damage to the insulation layer or loss of tightness.
Replacing spark plugs (Gazelle 405, including) for any ZMZ engine will help solve the problem with a missing spark. However, different manufacturers produce models that are calculated for specific operating conditions. On one engine, a set of new parts of the corresponding model may work well. But on another spark may be weak, which will affect the quality of combustion.
When a spark plug replacement is required (Gazelle Business)
So, the malfunction is determined by the symptoms. So, if the power unit starts poorly, and the start-up process is difficult, then this is a signal of the need for replacement.
Another symptom that often happens on the ZMZ-405, 406 and UMZ-4216 aggregates is triple. The machine can twitch, and traction and engine power are significantly reduced. Significantly increased fuel consumption, exhaust gases with a high content of carbon dioxide, poor dynamics - all these are also signals for replacement.
If the owner promptly pays attention to these symptoms, then the problem can be solved by simply replacing the candle. If you do nothing, the result will be sad. Knocking may occur in the cylinders. It will be accompanied by a shock wave, which can provoke detonation of the charge that remained in the cylinder. The engine as a result will lose much power, the crankshaft, as well as the connecting rods and pistons, will suffer greatly.
Small details just burn out.
When to change?
The manufacturer of these commercial trucks in the technical documentation indicates that the spark plugs on the Gazelle (406 engine, 405 or any other on these cars) should be replaced after 30-50 thousand km.
The operating time of the elements depends on many different factors. This is the quality of the fuel, the correct adjustment of the ignition, the integrity and condition of the wiring, as well as the absence of breakdowns on the housing.
Checking the status of candles: color will tell you everything
In order for this detail not to play a cruel joke with the driver, it is necessary to regularly inspect the condition. So, the color of the cap will help to identify malfunctions in the engine. If the ignition in the car is installed correctly, and the engine was operated on high-quality gasoline, the base color will be light brown.
If it is black, there may be misfire due to some problems in the wiring or ignition system. But even this may indicate a problem in the power system. If an orange belt is observed on the insulating element, the part has lost its tightness, therefore, immediate replacement is required.
How to test candles?
During the visual inspection of parts, it is also recommended to check their performance. It is convenient and effective to control their work using special stands that allow you to check spark formation under various pressures.
If there is no such stand, you can unscrew the candle, then connect it to the tip of the high-voltage wire and touch the element connected to the ground. Then the ignition starts. Here you need to let the starter crank the crankshaft several times. As a result, a strong spark of bright purple should slip through. If it is weak and its color is faded, this indicates a problem with the part itself and a spark plug replacement may be required.
"Gazelle" and regular candles
So, on the "Gazelle" used candles with long threads. The design includes a central electrode, ceramic insulator, skirt and side electrode.
A modern detail may include other elements. Replacing the spark plug with the Gazelle 405 (Euro-2 engine) is possible with analogues marked A14BP. This is a domestic version. You can also use the A14DVR model.
Features of candles for the "Gazelle"
The main feature is the gap between the two electrodes. It should be 0.8 mm. Still important is the heat number. So, a spark plug (Gazelle 406 or 405 including) A14 is recommended for use on slightly boosted engines, where the degree of landing is small. Candles from the VAZ to the "Gazelle" just do not fit. They have increased clearance. It is 1 mm. The heating number is 17. With them there will be misfires and unstable operation.
Popular foreign analogues
German spark plugs "Gazelle" (405 engine) "digests" well. They are also suitable for 406 units. Popular brands include Bosch products with models W8D and WR8D, products from Brisk LR17Y or LR17YC. Champion also produces candles for the Gazelle - these are the NR11Y and NR11YC models. Another popular brand is NGK. At this manufacturer, BPR5E and BPR5ES are suitable for these motors.
Denso also offers two models - W16EXP and W16EXP-U.
If you need a spark plug ("Gazelle" 4216), then all the brands and models presented will also fit this engine. The main thing is that the model has a long thread.
Replacement of parts for ZMZ-405 and 406
This is a simple operation that does not require any serious tools or skills.
A
candle key will be used
. A screwdriver will not hurt. First of all,
high-voltage wires are disconnected from the tips of each candle
. It is not recommended to remove by pulling on the wire, especially with great effort. Only seals are removed. Otherwise, you will break the armored wire. And their cost is much higher than the candles themselves.
In the seat, the tip rests on special plugs. In order to dismantle it, the plug is poked with a screwdriver. Then you should pull the tip itself.
Before you unscrew the candle, you should examine the surrounding space.
There may be various debris or dirt - the surface is recommended to be thoroughly cleaned. After that, you can begin to twist the elements.
It remains only to screw new parts into place of the dismantled ones. If it was not possible to find suitable spark plugs, the selection of the Gazelle car will facilitate the choice. Before installing the candle, check for the presence of an o-ring. Also look for the presence of a contact nut. If she is not, she is removed from the old. The replacement process must be carried out sequentially. The procedure for replacing candles on UMZ-4216 engines is the same and does not differ from ZMZ engines.
So, we found out how these elements are replaced on Gazelle commercial vehicles.