Do you know how to clean your tongue correctly? If you want to have a dazzling smile, you need to learn how to care for your mouth. Now we will try to teach you this.
Hygiene Index
The hygienic Green-Vermilion index allows you to evaluate the size of tartar and plaque separately. To determine it, six teeth are studied: 31, 11, 16, 26 - the vestibular planes, and 36, 46 - lingual. Plaque can be evaluated using staining solutions (Fuchsin, Schiller-Pisarev, Erythrosine) or visually.
The following codes and criteria for dental plaque :
- 0 - no layering;
- 1 - soft plaque covering not more than 1/3 of the tooth plane, or the presence of any number of stained deposits (brown, green and others).
- 2 - thin layering, located on less than 2/3, but more than 1/3 of the surface of the molar;
- 3 - soft plaque, occupying more than 2/3 of the tooth plane.
Determination of the sub- and supragingival molar stone is carried out using a dentist probe.
What else is a good Green-Vermilion index? Assessment of tartar (criteria and codes) is as follows:
- 0 - no calculus;
- 1 - supragingival deposition, covering no more than 1/3 of the tooth plane;
- 2 - the formation located above the gum, covering less than 2/3, but more than 1/3 of the tooth plane, or the presence of individual growths in its cervical region;
- 3 - supragingival stratification, covering more than 2/3 of the tooth plane, or large influxes of stone located near its neck.
The Green-Vermilion index is calculated by adding up the values produced for each of its elements divided by the number of planes studied and adding up both values.
Cliche
The calculation formula is attached as follows:
IGR-y = sum of plaque values / number of planes + sum of stone values / number of surfaces.
The interpretation of the index (the value of the IGR-level of medicine) is proposed as follows:
- 0,0-1,2 - perfect;
- 1.3-3.0 - valid;
- 3.1-6.0 - low.
The Green-Vermilion Index has the following plaque values:
- 0,0-0,6 - impeccable;
- 0.7-1.8 - tolerable;
- 1.9-3.0 - bad.
KPU indices
What do oral hygiene indices express ? One of the basic dental coefficients (CPU) demonstrates the rate of decay. The letter "K" means the number of damaged teeth, "P" - the number of sealed, "U" - the number of teeth to be removed or eliminated. The sum of these values gives an idea of the development of the process of decay in a particular person.
There are three types of coefficient KPU:
- KPUz - the number of carious and cured teeth in the subject;
- KPU of planes (KPUpov) - the number of destroyed faces;
- KPUpol - the sum of fillings and carious cavities.
For non-permanent teeth, the following indicators are used:
- KP - the number of destroyed and healed teeth of a short-term bite;
- KP - the sum of rotten planes;
- PPC - the number of carious cavities and fillings.
Teeth that have been lost as a result of a physical shift or removed teeth are not taken into account in an intermittent bite. In children, when changing teeth, two factors are used simultaneously: KPU and KP. To identify the overall intensity of the disease, summarize both degrees. KPU from 6 to 10 confirms the high intensity of decay, 3-5 - moderate, 1-2 - low.
These standards do not show the real picture, as they have such shortcomings:
- both removed teeth and cured are taken into account;
- can only increase over time and with age begin to reproduce past carious lesions;
- do not allow accounting for initial damage.
Serious flaws
Significant flaws in the indicators of KPUz and KPUpov include their uncertainty with increasing decay due to the formation of new depressions in the healed teeth, loss of fillings, the occurrence of secondary caries and similar factors.
The multiplicity of caries is shown as a percentage. For this, the composition of the people who have found this disease (except for focal demineralization) is divided by the number of people studied in this team and multiplied by one hundred.
In order to assess the extent of tooth decay in a particular region, use the following assessment conditions for the level of spread among twelve-year-old children:
- low level of intensity - 0-30%;
- relative - 31-80%
- large - 81-100%.
CPITN Index
Evaluation of the hygiene of the oral cavity occurs using different indices. Consider the CPITN coefficient. It is used in clinical practice for monitoring and examining periodontal conditions. Using this index, only those signs that can begin to develop in the opposite direction (tartar, gum inflammation, which is judged by bleeding) are recorded, and irreversible changes (tooth mobility, gum recession, loss of epithelial attachment) are not taken into account.
CPITN does not record process activity. This coefficient is not used for treatment planning. Its most important advantage is the speed of detection, information content, simplicity and the ability to compare results. The need for healing is determined on the basis of such signs:
- code X or 0 means that there is no need to treat the patient;
- 1 indicates that a person should better care for his oral cavity;
- 2 means that it is necessary to eliminate the factors affecting the delay of dental plaque, and to produce professional hygiene;
- Code 3 indicates indispensable oral hygiene and curettage, which usually reduces inflammation and reduces the depth of the pocket to values less than or equal to 3 mm;
- 4 means that adequate hygiene of the oral mucosa is required, as well as deep curettage. In this case, cumulative treatment is required.
RMA
So, we continue to find out what the hygiene index is. The alveolar-papillary-marginal index (PMA) is used to determine the severity of gingivitis. There are several types of this indicator, but the most common is the PMA coefficient in the Parma modification. The presence of teeth (while maintaining the unity of the dentition) is taken into account in accordance with the age: 15 years and older - 30 teeth, 6-11 years old - 24, 12-14 years old - 28. Normally, the PMA coefficient is zero.
Baby hygiene
What is the Fedorov-Volodkina index? With it, you can determine whether the patient is watching his teeth well. This indicator should be used to assess the condition of the mouth in babies up to 5-6 years. To establish it, the labial side of six teeth is studied.
Using special solutions, the teeth are stained and the presence of plaque is assessed. Determination of the sub- and supragingival stone is carried out using a dentist probe. The calculation of the coefficient is made up of the numbers obtained for each of its elements divided by the number of planes studied, followed by the addition of both values.
Norm
The Fedorov-Volodkina Index (1968) is still used in our country today.
First, the labial surface of the six front lower teeth is stained with a potassium iodine-iodide solution. The hygienic index is determined by the intensity of the color obtained, then it is evaluated by the five-point method and calculated by the formula Kcp = (∑Ku) / n, where:
- Ksr - the general hygienic coefficient of cleaning;
- Ku is a healthy indicator of cleaning one tooth;
- n is the number of teeth.
Coloring the entire plane of the crown means 5 points; 3/4 - 4; 1/2 - 3; 1/4 - 2 points; lack of color - 1. Normally, a healthy indicator should not exceed 1.
PHP
And what other oral hygiene indices exist? A very common is the coefficient of effectiveness (PHP). For a total evaluation of plaque, six teeth are stained. The index is calculated by defining a code for each tooth by summing the codes of each zone. Next, the codes of all inspected teeth are added up and the resulting amount is divided by the number of teeth.
Aesthetic indicator
The hygiene index is widely used by dentists. To determine the status of the bite, an aesthetic dental indicator is used. It fixes the position of the teeth and the structure of the bite in the transverse, vertical and sagittal directions. It has been used since 12 years of age.
Inspection
And what are the indicators for evaluating the results of the medical examination at the dentist? It is known that a comprehensive examination of residents involves a method of protecting their health, which consists of providing conditions for their impeccable physical development, preventing ailments by performing appropriate sanitary, hygienic, preventive and curative and social measures.
The purpose of the clinical examination is to strengthen and maintain people's health, increase their length of life.
A medical examination is designed to solve the following problems:
- annual analysis of human well-being;
- comprehensive monitoring of patients;
- combating bad habits, identifying and eliminating the causes of tooth decay;
- active and timely conduct of health-improving measures;
- increasing the efficiency and quality of medical assistance to the population through the continuous and interconnected work of all types of institutions, large-scale participation of doctors of various professions, the introduction of technical support, new unifying forms, the creation of mechanical systems for examining the electorate with the development of special programs.
Children watching
By calculating the Green-Vermilion index, doctors can create dispensary observation groups for babies:
- 1st group - children who have no pathology;
- 2nd group - actually healthy babies with a history of any chronic or acute disease that does not affect the function of the most important organs;
- 3rd group - children with chronic ailments with a balanced, sub- and decompensated course of them.
In conducting a dental examination of babies, three phases are noted:
- In the first phase of the examination, individual registration of each child is carried out, an additional examination in the hospital, then an outpatient observation group is determined, the endurance of each baby is assessed, and the order of examinations is indicated.
- In the second, a contingent is formed by curation groups, uniform conditions for the stages and continuity of study are assigned, dispensary patients are proportionally divided between doctors, the needs of the examined contingents for inpatient and outpatient treatment are met.
- In the third, doctors determine the frequency and nature of active supervision of each child, adjust diagnostic and therapeutic measures in accordance with a change in health status, and evaluate the effectiveness of observation.
The organization of educational work on the prevention of dental ailments in babies and the creation of motivation for caring for newly appeared teeth is of great importance.
Pregnant examination
In order to achieve the maximum effect in the prevention of dental diseases, it is necessary to coordinate the work of the dentist and gynecologist, as well as the medical examination of women throughout the pregnancy. In the dental office, doctors carry out:
- sanitation of the oral cavity;
- assistance in the selection of basic and additional hygiene products, training in the rational care of the oral cavity;
- professional hygiene;
- remineralizing therapy that increases the resistance of tooth enamel.
Caries prevention
The determination of the Green-Vermillon index plays a crucial role in the prevention of dental diseases of expectant mothers, which is designed to solve two problems: preventing the development of intrauterine caries in infants and improving the dental status of women.
It is known that maternal health affects the process of laying the teeth of a child, which begins at 6-7 weeks of pregnancy. Doctors determined that with various pathologies in the fetus, the mineralization of tooth enamel slows down, and sometimes it stops at the stage of primary calcification. In the postpartum period, it may resume, but will not reach the standard level.
A woman already in the early stages of pregnancy worsens the condition of hard dental tissues and periodontium due to the unsatisfactory hygienic condition of the oral cavity. That is why she should carry out preventive measures until the baby is born. Doctors advise women to adhere to the correct mode of work and rest, carry out vitamin therapy and eat well.
Tartar
The tooth surface is sensitive to various influences. It forms calculi due to the following reasons:
- violation of the chewing process;
- the habit of snacking and the use of an impressive number of carbonated drinks and carbohydrates;
- intake of mainly soft food;
- diseases of the internal organs;
- smoking and alcohol abuse.
The composition of the supra- and subgingival stones is slightly different from each other. The first is dominated by calcium carbonate, magnesium and calcium phosphate. In addition, it is very hard. The second is formed from plaque, which contains a large amount of food debris, epithelial cells, mucus, bacteria associated with viscous saliva.
What is oral cleaning for? Using it prevents the formation of calculi. Doctors recommend visiting your dentist regularly and using dental floss, flawless pastes, and high-quality brushes. You can also use toothpicks and mouth rinses.
Language
Now let's figure out how to clean the tongue. If there is no plaque on this organ, your digestive system is healthy. Since the time of Hippocrates, doctors have asked the patient to show the tongue. It is known that an impressive amount of slag is expelled from the body through its surface. If bacteria accumulate on the tongue, they become toxic.
Numerous papillae, irregularities, and fossae are located on this organ, among which tiny particles of provisions are stuck. That is why the tongue is the focus of bacteria. They are transported with saliva to the teeth, and then there is a disgusting bad breath - halitosis.
If a person regularly cleans his tongue, access to infection in his body becomes more complicated, the sensitivity of taste buds increases, gingivitis, digestive tract disorder, periodontal disease, caries are prevented.
This organ should be scraped by everyone, especially smokers and those who have a “geographical” language, on the surface of which there are deep folds and furrows.
Tongue care is carried out after the teeth are cleaned and the mouth is rinsed out. First, the bacteria are removed by sweeping steps (from the base to the tip) on one half of the organ, and then on the other. Then, across the tongue, draw a brush 3-4 times, apply a paste on it and carefully scrape the organ from root to edge. Next, rinse your mouth, apply the gel again and stand it for 2 minutes. After these manipulations, you can wash everything off with water.
Cleaning your tongue is an essential part of hygiene. To eliminate plaque, mucus, food residues that adversely affect the surface of the tooth, it is better to use a special scraper or brush (you can soft). A disinfecting gel applied to the scraper fills the gaps between the filamentous papillae. During liquefaction, it actively releases oxygen, which has a powerful antibacterial effect on the anaerobic microflora of the oral cavity. If this procedure is periodically performed, plaque formation will decrease by 33%.
Mouth rinse
Many patients ask, “How to rinse your mouth?” If your gums become inflamed, you can use antimicrobial (antiseptic) and anti-inflammatory drugs. Antiseptic drugs act on pathogenic bacteria that cause suppuration. Anti-inflammatory drugs have virtually no effect on viruses, but they can slow down the development of the disease.
So how to rinse your mouth if the gum is inflamed? Doctors recommend:
- For periodontitis or gingivitis, use both types of drugs, although antimicrobials will be more effective.
- In case of inflammation of the socket of the extracted tooth, it is necessary to use antiseptic agents, for example, Chlorhexidine.
If you always wash your hands before eating and then brush your teeth and tongue, you will have a sparkling smile for many years to come.