Types of putty.
Before starting work on leveling walls and ceilings using putty, you must first determine the choice of material. Until recently, oil-glue putties made on the basis of drying oil were very popular. But recently, the demand for safer materials in terms of ecology has begun to increase, and this type of putty has been supplanted with water-dispersion based putties from the building materials market.
Putties are sold in the form of dry mixes, which are diluted with water or primer. You can stir the mixture mechanically using a construction mixer - a special nozzle on the drill. The mixture is diluted perfectly and forms a homogeneous mass.
To perform facade work, acrylic putties are used. They are the most resistant to precipitation and have been used mainly for outdoor work.
Preparing the walls for putty.
Putty walls - not a very difficult process, but requiring certain skills.
The walls or ceiling before puttying must be cleaned of old paint, plaster and primed in order to protect against fungus and better adhesion of the putty and the surface of the finish. To avoid cracking putty, as well as for good adhesion, use a special serpyanka tape. The tape is self-adhesive, but usually it is additionally glued with PVA glue with a brush.
The process of filling the surface.
After preparatory work, you can begin to putty. First you need to learn how to dilute the mixture to the desired density. The finished mixture should be mobile, that is, stir effortlessly by hand and not fall off the spatula.
For work, you need 2 spatulas (large and small), a container for stirring the mixture, and, as previously mentioned, a drill and mixer. Subsequently, sandpaper or a special grinding mesh with a holder will be needed, with the help of which the surface is brought to a smooth state.
Filling the walls as follows:
With a small spatula, the mixture is superimposed on a large spatula, which, in turn, level the mixture on the surface. The applied layer is regulated by the angle of the spatula, it can be changed as you like, depending on the unevenness of the wall. There should always be 2 spatulas in progress, a small one imposes and cleans a large spatula, a large mixture is applied to the surface. After passing a large spatula, strips remain, which are then removed with sandpaper or mesh (after the first layer has completely dried).
After cleaning, it is recommended to re-primer the surface and apply a second layer of putty. To perform this operation, you can use a wider spatula. If the first layer was applied with a 40 cm spatula, then a 80 cm spatula is used for the second layer.
In the course of work, experience appears and over time, the filling of the walls with your own hands will become quite real.
The first layer is applied by starting putty, and the second and subsequent layers by finish. Rothband has established itself well - it is a universal putty suitable for both layers. As a finish, experts recommend Fugenfüller or Vetonit.
The starting putty of the walls is made with coarser materials in order to even out large differences on the walls, gates and potholes. Starting putty can be applied to a layer of up to 1.5 cm, if necessary, apply several layers, after allowing the previous to dry. In such cases, often use the method of leveling the walls using special metal profiles - beacons. The wall in this design is perfectly flat.
The finishing putty of the walls is used for final finishing in order to give the surface smoothness, with no cracks or pores. It is applied in a thin layer and is absolutely not suitable for leveling, as it has a different structure, unlike the starting one, and with a thickened layer it gives cracks.
Ceiling putty is carried out according to the same scheme as on the walls, but differs in a more time-consuming process. Therefore, for those who want to learn these basics, it is better to practice on the walls.