Most of humanity has at least once in a lifetime encountered gum problems. Many do not pay attention to them. If you follow this principle, then you can soon be left without teeth at all or experience pains that you have not felt. In this article we will analyze the symptoms of periodontitis, treatment and the causes of its occurrence. Periodontitis - this is an acute gum disease that can go into an acute stage called periodontal disease with inadequate treatment.
In scientific and medical terms, this is an inflammatory disease of the tooth-retaining apparatus of the tooth, which includes root cement, fibrous periodontium, the bones of the socket and gums.
Periodontitis can be noticed very easily. In people suffering from this disease, symptoms of periodontitis can be detected as plaque and stones due to poor oral care. There is a backlash of teeth (i.e. mobility) and exposure of their necks. Often, such diseases are accompanied by bleeding and bad breath. Let's find out the cause of this disease in humans.
Reasons for the appearance
The real main reason for the appearance of signs of periodontitis is improper care of the oral cavity, as a result of which many harmful microorganisms accumulate on the enamel surface, which contribute to the appearance of plaque.
Dentists distinguish groups of people who are most susceptible to such diseases:
- Weak immune system.
- Bad habits.
- Malocclusion.
- Untreated caries.
- Metabolic disorders in the tissues of the periodontium.
- Lack of vitamins and minerals.
It is important not to start treatment of the initial stages of periodontitis, since the next stage will be very difficult. Symptoms of chronic periodontitis are mainly manifested in people with untreated caries or mechanical damage to teeth. A hereditary predisposition to this ailment is not excluded.
Symptomatology
The prescribed treatment and symptoms of periodontitis depend on the severity of the disease. They are divided into light, medium and severe forms. According to the duration of the course - chronic and acute, and at the place of occurrence - localized and generalized.
The acute form of periodontitis is considered the most common form compared to other types. If you do not seek the help of a specialist in time or do not attach any importance to this, then it can become complicated to the following symptoms:
- increased bleeding of the gums with little contact with them;
- pronounced plaque and the appearance of tartar;
- increased tooth mobility;
- soft tissue redness;
- exposure of the neck of the tooth.
We describe in more detail the disease of periodontal pockets between the root of the tooth and gum. With periodontitis, they may contain stones, pus, and blood clots. If the periodontal pocket is up to 4 mm, and strong tooth mobility is not observed , then this is an easy stage. At the stage when pockets are formed from 4 to 6 mm and tangible mobility is observed, this is the middle stage. This stage is also characterized by the fact that in areas where the tubules are located, there is an extremely unpleasant pain and bleeding of the gums. May cause an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. A pocket depth of more than 6 mm indicates that the patient has a complex form of the course of the disease. Teeth play can occur in all directions, as well as the loss of soft tissue between them. The gums bleed at the slightest contact with them, and very strong painful sensations arise.
Above, we divided the types of periodontitis into localized and generalized. Let's look at both cases in more detail.
Localized
The name of the species comes from the word "localization", that is, it has a specific location. Inflammation of this type does not completely cover the dentition, but is located within several teeth. Most often, the causes are an incorrect bite or trauma, poor-quality work of the dentist when filling or replacing a tooth.
Despite the fact that only one tooth hole is affected, often the cause of the disease is tooth decay, developing from another tooth that borders the gum. Injuries occur when sharp pieces of food fall between the teeth. In many cases, trying to pick out this most unfortunate piece of food, we use dental floss or a toothpick. It is then that a gum injury occurs.
Symptoms of localized periodontitis:
- Feeling of loose teeth.
- Discomfort resulting from eating.
- Getting into the spaces between the teeth of food, causing acute pain.
- Compaction or thinning of the area of the diseased gum.
- The appearance of gingival pockets that become inflamed when food, water, etc.
- Weakening and damage to tissues adjacent to the tooth. Subsequently, it may result in its removal.
Generalized
This is a more serious type of gum disease, since it covers two dentitions at once, which means almost the entire oral cavity.
Symptoms of generalized periodontitis:
- Gingivitis, leading to the complete destruction of tissues surrounding the tooth.
- Pathology of the gingival pockets.
- Weakening of bone tissue.
- Very strong tooth mobility leading to tooth loss.
- Acute pain, severe bleeding at the base of the tooth.
- The manifestation of dental flux as a result of infection in the gingival pocket.
- The formation of periodontal pocket, from which comes the name "periodontitis".
Inflammation of the periodontium has various types of the course of the disease, mainly there are three options for its development:
- Destruction of the external part of the tooth.
- The manifestation of the inflammatory process along the space between the bone and the root of the tooth, as a result of which there is a deepening and increase in bone pockets.
- The spread of inflammation in the periosteum, which form pus in the periodontal pocket when the bone is resorbed.
All these processes can occur both in isolation and in combination with each other.
To reveal how far everything has gone in terms of defeat, you can using radiography. An X-ray photo of the symptoms of periodontitis will show how damaged the tooth tissue is from a quarter to the length of the entire root.
Diseases arising from periodontitis
Periodontitis may occur and not in an isolated form. It can both affect adjacent areas of the oral cavity, and weaken the body as a whole. For example, if an infection resulting from periodontitis enters the pulp, it can provoke inflammation, that is, pulpitis. With frequent relapses of the disease, inflammation and bone tissue in the form of osteomyelitis can occur. In rare cases, periodontitis is complicated by inflammation of the soft tissues.
Often people confuse two diseases that have the same roots in words - this is periodontitis and periodontosis.
What is the difference between periodontitis and periodontosis?
These concepts have a number of differences from each other, but not for nothing that these two words have the same roots. The fact is that a number of symptoms of periodontitis coincide with the symptoms of periodontal disease.
Characteristic periodontitis
- The inflammatory process in the gums, accompanied by acute pain and attacks.
- Most often, the location covers about one or two teeth.
- Attacks of severe bleeding that do not stop.
- The appearance of purulent formations in the periodontal pockets in connection with which they increase.
- Shakiness of teeth is already at the initial stage of inflammation.
- During a meal, clear manifestations of swelling and swelling of the gums, as a result of which the patient experiences severe pain.
- In the absence of proper treatment, tooth loss within 2-3 years after the onset of the disease.
And what is characteristic for periodontal disease?
- The absence of an inflammatory process.
- Generalized symptoms that extend to the entire upper or lower jaw. Cases with damage to the entire oral cavity are rare.
- During toothbrushing, gum weakness and bleeding occur.
- Loss of teeth can occur after a sufficiently long period of time - from 10 to 12 years.
- Gum edema is rare, and is possible only in the most advanced stages of the disease.
- Unlike periodontitis, the presence of periodontal pockets is not necessary. Even if they formed, then cleaning them will not cause any special problems.
- Strong tooth sensitivity when taking too cold or hot food.
- The formation of wedge-shaped defects that form on the basal parts of the teeth.
Treatment
Treatment for the symptoms of periodontitis depends on the degree and form of inflammation. In severe cases, you should immediately seek medical help, in general, as with any other disease associated with the oral cavity. After consulting a specialist, a course of treatment will be prescribed. If necessary, surgery will be performed in the form of a tooth extraction or gum site. To know what awaits you, you can see a photo of the treatment of symptoms of periodontitis. For a more thorough study of the disease, X-ray diagnostics will be prescribed. In recent years, with the mildest stage of the disease, it is possible to fight using ultrasonic cleaning of the stone and plaque from the surface of the teeth. It is fundamental in the fight against periodontitis. If you do not resort to the treatment of symptoms of periodontitis on time, relapse in most cases is inevitable. But even after this kind of procedure is not worth relaxing, you need to learn how to care for the oral cavity. The next step is actions aimed at relieving inflammation and reducing bleeding, swelling and excessive soreness of the gums. It is divided into two areas:
- Local treatment.
- Systemic treatment.
- Surgical
Local
The essence of this treatment is that the infection is washed out with the help of special antiseptic solutions and gel applications. Procedures can be performed both at home and in the hospital. They need to be performed for 10 days, with a frequency of 2 times a day. Do not forget that in the initial stages, periodontitis is treated at home without any problems.
System
A dentist prescribes a prescription for a certain period of time. Drugs are prescribed both in the form of ampoules for intramuscular injection, and in the form of tablets. Typically, the duration of treatment is at least 10 days. In the initial stages, treatment of periodontitis with antibiotics is very good, which can not be said about the difficult scenario of the development of the disease.
As a treatment for periodontitis, physiotherapy can be prescribed. But it will only help get rid of the symptoms, not the disease itself.
Surgical
Surgical intervention is recommended for patients with deep periodontal pockets and significantly exposed root. It is prescribed if the first two types of treatment are ineffective. Often they carry out standard gingivectomy (excision of a part of the affected gum), curettage of bone pockets (washing and removing stones, followed by treatment with drugs) and patchwork operations. To heal bone tissue, the periodontal canals are filled with special material. Also often used tissue regeneration method. The bottom line is that collagen or synthetic membranes fill parts of the bone tissue that have resolved under the influence of periodontitis. Symptoms and treatment of periodontitis in children are similar to adults. Only in very young children this disease was transmitted in the genome, and in older children - due to improper care of the oral cavity and loss of milk teeth. There are also many ways to cope with such an unpleasant ailment. For example, depulpation and splinting.
Depulpation
This is an operation during which a dental nerve called a pulp is removed. The reason for using this kind of action is the need to prevent the pathology of soft dental tissues. Also referred to as indications:
- Pulpitis.
- Caries, swallowing almost the entire tooth.
- Periodontitis
- The negative effect of drugs and acids on the pulp.
- Soreness of the tooth root.
- Opening of the neurovascular bundle as a result of injuries, chips or medical errors during treatment.
With periodontitis, it is used in cases:
- The formation of deep periodontal canals, the depth of which reaches two-thirds of the root of the tooth.
- The need for tooth extraction for prosthetics.
- Atrophy is more than half the length of the root of the bone tissue.
After the tooth is pulped, its mobility decreases, and signs of inflammation are removed. After this operation is prescribed to eliminate the symptoms of periodontitis, treatment at home.
Splinting
This procedure allows you to fasten your teeth together. Thanks to temporary tires, the dentition is tightly fixed, and thus the chewing load passes from the teeth to the jaw. With periodontitis, when the neck of the tooth is exposed, their mobility increases. This procedure is used if the patient has a second or third degree of tooth mobility. The treatment of the symptoms of periodontitis with drugs will be continued to enhance the effect of superimposed tires.
Different methods can be used to install tires. We list the main ones:
- Fiberglass immobilization. The advantages of this method in invisibility and maximum painlessness.
- Cable-stayed view is carried out using aramid thread, which allows you to firmly fix the teeth.
- The clasp view is the strengthening of the posterior wall of the teeth with the help of an arched metal frame. The advantages of this method is that the iron frame is very durable and able to withstand high chewing loads.
- There are special crowns that qualitatively splint teeth with periodontal disease. In order to place the crown, it is necessary to manufacture a special design for staring grinding of teeth. The material can be both metal and ceramics.
If such an operation is performed on time, it will correct the problem and make life easier for the person.
ethnoscience
Of course, if you are tormented by infernal pains, it is best to treat the symptoms of periodontitis with antibiotics. But at the initial stage, you can do with rinsing decoctions of dried flowers of calendula, sage, St. John's wort, chamomile and linden. The cooking method is quite simple. Dissolve a tablespoon of the mixture in one cup of boiling water and leave to brew for an hour, then strain. As for folk remedies, here the following methods have proven themselves from the best side:
- Lotions of sea buckthorn oil.
- Propolis tincture soaked in alcohol.
- Very strong black tea, with the addition of a very small clove of garlic.
- Rinse with a solution of sea salt and soda.
All procedures are recommended to be performed after brushing your teeth and gums, 2-3 times a day. To clearly demonstrate how they are performed, you can watch a video or photo of the treatment of symptoms of periodontitis.
In the event that you had to unfortunately accidentally endure this inflammation, do not rush to get upset. With proper oral care, periodontitis can be avoided. Monitor the condition of the gums and teeth, undergo a routine check-up every six months, and if the situation requires it, carry out timely medical procedures that will prevent bacteria from reigning in your gums.