When the inhabitants of the city of Krasnoyarsk are threatened by adverse weather conditions (NMU), a special situation is announced in the city. As a rule, it lasts up to four days. Authorities give residents standard recommendations for this period. Another, more common name for such a situation is āblack skyā. That this mode and how to behave in this case will be discussed in the article.
Special Mode Factors
If both factors came together over an industrial city - calm weather and humidity, then all emissions from production will accumulate in the air. They will be joined by car exhausts along with dust and smoke. Authorities declare NMU or "black sky regime" - another, more well-known name for adverse weather conditions over the city.
The authorities in these situations give the population standard recommendations:
- leave the city (if possible);
- in the absence of the possibility of departure, try not to go outside;
- Do not ventilate the premises;
- To wash the nose and throat, use saline.
As a rule, the "black sky mode" lasts up to four days. But there are special cases when declared NMUs have to be extended.
Most often, residents of Krasnoyarsk face such a regime. When smog forms over the city, it can be seen with the naked eye. That is why the name āblack skyā arose. Although its color is not black, but gray with brown hues.
Why announce the regime of black sky in the city?
Sometimes you can hear an amazing question: are NMUs really so dangerous for a person, maybe there is no need to exaggerate? In fact, there are three degrees of air pollution, where the third is the most dangerous. But one cannot say that with the first health of people, nothing is in danger. Based on this, the authorities introduce a "black sky regime" to warn residents of the city about the danger. At the same time, they impose restrictions on plants, forcing them to reduce emissions into the air.
Limitations
When NMUs are introduced, industrial enterprises are obliged to reduce environmental pollution:
- 1st degree of adverse weather conditions - from 15% to 20%;
- 2nd degree - from 20% to 40%;
- 3rd degree - from 40% to 60% (in special cases, up to 100% in general, i.e. completely).
When the black sky regime is declared, everyone must adhere to the rules. Otherwise, the goal will not be achieved and the adverse situation may be delayed. However, as if the authorities did not monitor the implementation of the regimeās conditions, there are those who ignore it, because it puts profit making above people's health, and their own. Everyone should limit their emissions into the atmosphere, even ordinary citizens with their cars. A person must be aware of the importance of the situation. Breaking the rules, he harms, first of all, himself!
Monitoring and implementation of recommendations
If the "black sky regime" in Krasnoyarsk is declared, the executive authorities control the emissions of 28 plants. Factories are required to reduce emissions. You canāt make fire. Utility city enterprises are required to wash pavement and carriageways. Citizens are advised to refuse to travel by car.
All residents should understand what the "black sky regime" declared in the city means, and what degree of NMU. The recommendations of the authorities to residents regarding the unfavorable period were given above. We can add to them that in the second and third degree of danger, going out into the street, it is better to wear respirators (petal). At this time, it is strongly recommended not to drink alcohol or smoke, since the load on the cardiovascular system is already very strong.
Danger posed by the "black sky regime", health consequences
NMUs are very harmful to health. Residents of the city may exacerbate or manifest pulmonary, cardiovascular and other diseases, especially chronic. Of course, it is better to leave the city for this period. If you canāt leave in any way, then you must follow all the recommendations. In the presence of chronic health problems, it is necessary to visit a doctor, monitor the pressure and other indicators of the physiological state of the body. Health can not be neglected so that serious problems do not arise, up to fatal cases. It is recommended to rinse your mouth with a 2% soda solution, and at the first sign of poisoning, take activated charcoal and immediately seek medical help.
Those people who have chronic diseases should not leave home without drugs that can alleviate the condition in case of deterioration of health. At the first dangerous symptoms, you need to call a doctor. For airing the room it is worth using air purifiers and air conditioners.
Drink fluids more often: mineral water, tea with milk, and the milk itself. It is better to exclude salty, difficult to digest and fatty foods from your diet altogether.
A set of measures and what does the āblack sky regimeā (NMU) mean?
Due to the accumulation of harmful substances, smoke, various chemicals, various poisonous vapors and fumes in the atmosphere, a regime of adverse weather conditions is introduced above the village. An important point in the introduction of such a regime is the fact that there is no dispersion of the accumulated smog. Itās calm on the street. The concentration of harmful impurities reaches the limit.
If weather forecasters declared a "black sky regime" - this indicates an actual environmental disaster. Large industrial cities are aware of the problem of NMU firsthand. For example, 04.24.2017 in Krasnoyarsk introduced (not the first time) a special environmental situation due to the "black sky". The regime lasted until seven in the evening of April 26, 2017. The Krasnoyarsk Territory most often declares a similar situation, even more than once a year. In this region, this mode is announced most often. In addition, in addition to working industrial enterprises, grass ignites in the city. It was such that the city stayed in smoke for three weeks in a row.
Who is responsible for the sky above the city?
The main body vested with authority in the ecology and monitoring system of the Krasnoyarsk region is the Central Siberian Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. This federal structure has the right and ability to track changes in weather conditions that contribute to the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere, and initiates the introduction of the NMU regime.
Under adverse conditions in the atmosphere, calm weather, it is difficult to breathe due to the accumulated smog. Therefore, if the "black sky regime" is introduced in Krasnoyarsk, all enterprises are required to comply with the working conditions at the appropriate level of danger. In addition to reducing emissions, they limit repair and dust-forming work, stop cleaning gas filters and unloading coal. These are mandatory measures when introducing a regime of second and third degrees. At the first - they are obliged to reduce emissions, and to limit work whenever possible.
Rating
Doctors know that as soon as the "black sky regime" is announced in Krasnoyarsk, the number of patients increases sharply. And even vice versa: if the number of calls to medical institutions is growing rapidly - wait for the announcement of NMU.
In the rating of the all-Russian environmental organization, Krasnoyarsk is one of the 12 dirtiest cities in Russia in terms of air emissions. The territory of ecological disaster - this is the name of the city. This is not surprising! The city itself has the world's largest aluminum plant. There are a large number of metallurgical enterprises.
In addition, a cement plant, three large thermal power plants and numerous boiler houses are adjacent to them. The power system of the city is all built on coal. And the transport system leaves much to be desired. In general, there is something to smoke and pollute the atmosphere. In summer, residents do not often open windows. If you decide to ventilate, then in the apartment instead of fresh air a sharp smell will immediately appear. Then it will be impossible to breathe at all! And this is not an exaggeration.
It happens that the Krasnoyarsk people move around the city in short dashes. Otherwise, they run the risk of breathing out all sorts of nastiness and even poison. From the upper floors of the houses, the border of smog and relatively clear sky is clearly visible.
Petitions
Recently, residents of Krasnoyarsk are constantly composing various kinds of environmental petitions and appeals to the authorities. They even wrote to President Putin. This petition gained 80,000 votes, and the authors received a response from the presidential administration with confidence to consider the problem. But while the question remains open. Of course, to solve this problem is not easy. After all, you cannot close all the enterprises of such a large industrial center. Yes, and it is quickly impossible to re-equip factories - these are huge funds.
Reality and Statistics
Therefore, while smog is being collected over the city from impurities of phenol, benzapyrene, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, suspended solids, dioxide and nitric oxide. Pollution rates are very high. Data on the amount of pollution is in the relevant documents, but there is an opinion that even they are underestimated. In addition, not all emission sources are officially accounted for.
As a rule, statistics speak of large enterprises, and in the city there are many small boiler houses, mini-asphalt plants, smoke from which is a pillar. In addition to these enterprises, a sufficient number of other small, but capable of polluting the atmosphere. It is unlikely to be reflected somewhere.
Solution
Surprisingly, the authorities seem to be doing little, they are turning a blind eye to many things. Perhaps they have good reasons for inaction? In any case, not only ordinary citizens, but also the city leadership breathe this smog. Is it really not interested in the reconstruction of treatment facilities? It is necessary to beat all the bells and change the system. This is irreparable harm to the environment and people. Of course, we are talking about expensive innovative technologies, which, most likely, cannot be mastered at a fast pace.
Although, so that citizens can get information about the sources of pollution in the city and the general environmental situation, the regional Ministry of Nature has created a special website. It provides information on the current state of air in the atmosphere above the city.
You can often hear criticism of the ministry for unnecessary information. Site administrators take all comments into account and work on the availability of the submitted material. When searching in search engines, the site appears in the first lines.
Moreover, if someone fixes the source of pollution, he can report it to the Ministryās hotline. She works around the clock.
Work on improving the ecology of the city of Krasnoyarsk is underway. Just as long as this is not noticeable explicitly.
It is also interesting that not only enterprises are responsible, but also citizens of the city. For example, if garbage is burned in yards, then such a person or group of people is held accountable.
Of course, itās hard to start struggling with any problem. But you can not stop! It is necessary to confidently, albeit in small steps, but move forward to change the environmental situation. Just sometimes it seems that the reaction from the authorities is zero. Most likely - this is a mistaken opinion, and they probably work in the direction of ecology. Let us believe that the common sense of the people on whom the situation of air pollution in the atmosphere depends will prevail over the desire to receive superprofits at the expense of people's health and, as a result, of the future generation. We believe in the victory of reason!