A beautiful white-toothed smile certainly causes its owner a feeling of overt or secret pride. However, this is not the main thing for a person. Healthy teeth can not only look good, but also digest food. They are also needed for articulate speech.
However, it also happens that for some reason it becomes uncomfortable to smile. Among them:
- ugly color of tooth enamel;
- loss of several or even all teeth.
Causes of the problem
Loss of teeth can lead to stress and caries, malnutrition, as well as diseases such as gingivitis, periodontal disease and periodontitis. The last three of these causes are due to bleeding and weakening of the gums, which become more loose and sensitive.
This leads to exposure of dental tissue and destruction of enamel. Negatively affects the health of the body and caries. It destroys tooth enamel, increasing the sensitivity of tooth tissue, and also causes a disease such as angina.
The need for prosthetics
Complete adentia, or lack of teeth, interferes with a full meal. At the same time, a person's diction and facial proportions are violated. All this gives him great discomfort, reducing the quality of life. Dental prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth was relatively recently performed only with the use of removable structures. However, due to the lack of reliable fixation, they cause discomfort during chewing and may fall out of the mouth.
More recently, a new technology has emerged that has earned special attention. This is an implantation with the help of which a complete prosthetics can be performed.
What type of orthopedic constructions is best suited for the patient should be decided only by the doctor, based on the condition of the patient’s alveolar bone and gums.
Options for prosthetics
With the complete absence of the dentition, the following types of structures can be offered to the patient:
- fixed, mounted on implanted implants;
- removable nylon;
- full removable, the material for the manufacture of which is acrylic plastic.
Dental prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth can correct such a pathology as adentia, offering the patient a wide selection of designs. Moreover, all of them will be manufactured using modern technology.
Removable designs
A complete denture may rest on the gum or on several implants implanted. Which option is preferable? This will be decided by the doctor, based on the health of the patient and the condition of the tissues located in the oral cavity. An important factor will be the financial capabilities of the patient, since the prices of various designs have quite large differences.
Acrylic prostheses
These structures are able to stay on the gum only due to the vacuum. Discharged air sucks in such dentures. Patient reviews claim that acrylic structures cause significant discomfort, as they are not able to reliably gain a foothold in the oral cavity. Among other things, they are not particularly esthetic.
Acrylic plastic is a very fragile material. In this regard, prosthetics performed with their help in the complete absence of teeth will be relevant for no more than 2-5 years. The specific period of service depends on the condition of the periodontium. In the case of even small resorption of the bone, the replacement will need to be done faster. However, considering prosthetics, types and prices of designs, they often stop precisely on the option of acrylic plastic. This choice can be explained by the fact that the system is budgetary and has a low cost. In Moscow dental clinics, its cost ranges from 12 to 14 thousand rubles. In the regions, an acrylic plastic prosthesis will need to be paid a little less. On average, the price will be from 8 to 12 thousand rubles.
Soft dentures
This type of structure is made of nylon. They are more flexible than acrylic and have an aesthetic appearance. However, their fixation is also unreliable. Because of their softness, such prostheses cannot provide full restoration of chewing function. In addition to nylon, polyurethane can be used to make soft orthopedic structures.
There is a third type of flexible prosthesis. These are the Quadrotti orthopedic constructions, which are performed during the heat treatment of plastic.
Each type of soft denture is characterized by the absence of metal. This is a big plus design, as many people are allergic to this element. For greater convenience, the patient can use a cream for fixing dentures. It will securely fix the orthopedic structure in the oral cavity. The cost of such prostheses is slightly higher than that of acrylic plastic. It starts from 25 thousand rubles.
Installation of removable structures on implanted implants
How to ensure that prosthetics do not bring much discomfort? Dentures for their better fixation are installed in a special way. It could be:
1. The lock fastening relating to push-button type. A support for the prosthesis with this option will be mini-implants in an amount of from two to four pieces. Attachments (spherical fasteners) are screwed into them. At the same time, silicone matrices, which play the role of a fixing mechanism, are located in the body of the prosthesis.
2. The lock fastening relating to beam type. When using it, the main fixing component is the prosthesis body itself, which is installed between two or four titanium structures.
Fixed Products
What other dentures are there? The most modern type of designs are fixed options. They are implants that can be used both with adentia, and in the absence of one or more teeth. Such treatment has two varieties:
- implantation of a complete dentition;
- installation of a bridge-like prosthesis based on implants.
Implantation of the dentition
The essence of this method is to install implants directly in the jaw. They are implanted in the place of missing teeth. The number of these structures on each jaw should not exceed fourteen pieces.
However, such dental prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth is performed infrequently, since some conditions are required. Among them:
- the presence of a sufficient amount of bone tissue;
- the location of the nerve branches so that it does not interfere with the installation procedure of the titanium structure.
In addition, if with an existing problem you want to have a prosthetics, the types and prices of various products should be compared in advance. Despite the excellent aesthetic result, the implantation method has a very high cost. So, the restoration of two jaws will cost about 50 thousand rubles. The disadvantages of this technique include the duration and complexity of the installation.
Fixed bridges
How to solve the problem that occurs with complete loss of teeth? The specialist can give recommendations on the installation of fixed structures. What types of dentures are there? They can be cermet or ceramic (non-metal, with a base of zirconium oxide).
Installation of this type of bridges is carried out using 6-10 implants implanted in a toothless jaw. They are the supporting elements for the prosthesis. When choosing this method, doctors advise using metal-free ceramic designs, as they are more durable and aesthetic.
In the event that it is impossible to implant a large number of implants into the bone, prosthetics is performed using the all-on-4 method. It consists in the installation of four titanium structures in the place where the frontal group of teeth was located. Implants implanted at an angle of forty-five degrees further serve as a support for a fixed prosthesis.
The advantages of this technique include comfort when using the design, as well as its durability and strength. The disadvantage of this method lies in its high cost. For such prostheses will have to pay from two hundred to three hundred dollars.
Fixation of orthopedic structures
In order to feel confident during a conversation or an important meeting, a person wearing a removable denture must be convinced of its secure fit. How to achieve such a result? For this, a special gel, glue or cream can be used to fix dentures. These tools allow you to securely fix the removable structure in your mouth. They are suitable for temporary prostheses, which will later be replaced by permanent ones.
A very popular type of fastening of orthopedic structures are locks. As a rule, they are used to fix bridges. But nylon bridges are attached to the gums using a flexible base. This tool is created on the basis of natural ingredients that allow you to firmly hold the prosthesis in your mouth. In addition, thanks to the use of natural materials, such a basis is absolutely safe for health.
In any case, after installing the denture, a dentist consultation is necessary. He will advise that means for fixing the bridge, which will suit you best.
It must be used in strict accordance with the instructions. This will guarantee the stability and reliability of the prosthesis during their use. Before fixing, you will need to thoroughly clean the gums and the removable structure itself. Only after that a small amount of the product should be applied to the recesses in the dentures. Then they are put on and for five seconds tightly pressed to the gums. To complete the procedure, you should refrain from taking water and food for 5 minutes.
If zinc is included in the denture fixation, it is recommended to apply it in small quantities and not more than 1 time per day. Do not use the product if you experience lethargy or weakness, discomfort, or vomiting or nausea.
How to care for dentures?
Anyone who is not familiar with the rules for handling orthopedic structures installed in his oral cavity often has to consult a dentist about their repair, as well as problems with gums. In this regard, proper care of dentures is an important component of their operation.
Many people prefer to rinse their false jaws with a solution of potassium permanganate or baking soda. However, this cannot be done. Such methods have a negative effect not only on the prosthesis, but also on the health of the gums.
In order for artificial teeth to last as long as possible, they should be brushed using a special tool. Once a week, tablets with a bio-formula can be used. They will not only clean the dentures, but also bleach them.
At night, artificial teeth must be removed by placing them in a disinfectant solution. This will kill all the microbes that “settled” on the prosthesis in the daytime. Such actions will prevent the occurrence of halitosis and the inflammatory process in the gums.
Dentists also recommend brushing dentures after eating. The brush should be positioned at an angle of 45 degrees to the line of contact between the gums and the removable structure. It is necessary to use a specialized cleaning agent.
Fixed dentures also require careful care. For their cleaning can be applied:
- special rinsing agents;
- dental floss;
- soft brushes;
- special toothpastes.
An integral component of oral hygiene is a regular visit to the dentist.