During the construction of the house, the erection of the roof is one of the most important elements, as it protects against external influences of a natural nature and decorates the building. Unlike professional builders, it’s rather difficult for a person who is not involved in this industry to navigate the methods of roof construction and choose the right material. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on SNiP roofing, regulatory documents on construction. They were adopted a long time ago, sometimes morally outdated, however, they still function.
A bit about terminology
The roof is the upper building envelope, and the roof is the roof covering that protects the structure from atmospheric precipitation. The most common pitched roofs. They consist of slopes - inclined planes, the basis of which, in turn, are lathing and rafters. The intersection of the slopes, which form the incoming corners, form the valleys and grooves. And the edges of the roof, protruding beyond the outer walls of the building, are called cornice overhangs. Water flows down the slopes to the gutters located on the wall. Then it enters the water intake funnels, from which it enters the drainpipes and into the storm sewer.
Installation of a funnel for water drainage
The design of the roof must be carried out in accordance with the SNiP of the roof, 1976. The roof is the primary object, and the funnel is secondary to it. But at the same time, this is a necessary part of the roof, and the project must necessarily take into account how the cast-iron funnel will be mounted in the roof.
There are forty different types of funnels that differ in the materials from which they are created and the purpose of the building. They use heat-resistant plastics and stainless steel. Their main types: with vertical and horizontal discharge, with electric heating (which helps to avoid freezing of water) and without it, for bituminous and membrane roofing materials.
Roofs currently in force they require that the entire water drainage system be pressure head. This is necessary in order to withstand the pressure of water. With a building height of seventy meters, the pressure below is seven atmospheres. For the manufacture of pressure pipes using steel. Recently appeared plastic pipes have not yet become widespread.
In winter, the roof rises and falls in the summer. To ensure the mobility of the connection between the storm pipe and the funnel shank, while maintaining tightness, we adhered to the requirements regulated by the SNiP of the roof, for which a piece of pipe with a larger diameter was welded to the main pipe. And a funnel shank was inserted into this design. But over time, such a connection was destroyed and required repair.
In modern conditions, special transitions to steel or bell-shaped pipes made of plastic are used, which are a compensator for linear elongations.
Expansion joints and waterproofing
Another important part of the roof is the expansion joint. It is designed to reduce the load on those elements of the building that are subject to deformation, and plays the role of the border, which divide the building into blocks, while ensuring the elasticity and durability of the entire structure.
In accordance with the SNiP adopted in 1987, roof waterproofing is carried out by using special materials, such as a mastic or rolled waterproof carpet. They are used to strengthen the waterproofing coating in valleys and cornices. It is necessary in places that are adjacent to the walls and other structural elements.
To existing regulatory documents: Construction Norms and Regulations on designing of a roof of 1976 and the document adopted in 1987 on the norms and rules relating to insulating and finishing coatings, recommendations are being developed.
To protect the roof, vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproof carpet are used. Thanks to the vapor barrier, the metal compensator is blocked in those places where the expansion joint is located, SNiP recommends that the overlap be made of bitumen-polymer materials.
Adhering to the regulatory rules of construction, you can cope with the construction of any building and properly build a roof without missing a single important detail.