Customs policy is a targeted activity of the state to regulate foreign trade exchange ( import and export conditions , their structure and volume) through the establishment of a specific customs method for moving goods and vehicles across customs borders.
The definition of the mechanism of customs policy forms a set of institutions that participate in the implementation and formation of customs policy, as well as a set of methods and forms of its implementation, ways of using customs regulation tools by authorized state bodies. Ensuring the economic interests of the state is the main goal of customs policy. And in this regard, Russia is no exception.
The customs policy of Russia has very extensive experience in ensuring the security of domestic industry and trade, the domestic market and the state, as well as economic independence.
Currently, we need administrative tools that regulate foreign trade.
With the help of them, the state, at a time when a large number of companies independently carry out commercial operations, the growth of the foreign trade deficit can stop, and can even out the balance of payments and trade balances in case of acute shortage of foreign currency, order it more rationally and buy the most necessary goods abroad countries, to service foreign exchange debt mobilize foreign exchange reserves.
Customs policy should ensure economic security, which is the state of the economy, guaranteeing the necessary level of defense, political and social existence and the progressive development of Russia, independence and invulnerability of its economic interests, in connection with its attitude to various influences, as well as internal and external threats.
These instruments in the field of import restrictions allow you to receive concessions, all on the basis of reciprocity, and there is also the opportunity to achieve the abolition of discriminatory measures in countries (trade partners of the Russian Federation).
Customs policy is closely related to the principles of state regulation of foreign trade, which include: the state's protection of the legitimate interests and rights of participants in foreign trade; unity of the customs policy of Russia; unity of foreign trade policy as a sector of Russia's foreign policy; equality of participants in foreign trade activities and non-impairment of their rights; the unity of the system of state regulation of foreign trade and control over its implementation, and others.
The Russian economy is protected by the customs policy from the negative impact of foreign competition. A lot of suppliers of similar products are present on the world market, in terms of price and technical parameters, many of them are superior to domestic manufacturers to a large extent. The presence of “price scissors” in the domestic and world markets is explained by the high level of foreign trade competition.
Customs policy is an inseparable part of the state ’s foreign trade and economic policy; as a result, it depends on the goals and objectives of the general economic plan of the government in the formation of customs unions, the formation of customs conventions, the essence of customs policy and the organization of free customs zones are manifested in the tariff and customs legislation.
Customs duties that regulate the import of imported goods to the domestic market can be used to level domestic and world prices. In order for a market economy to develop, it is precisely the leveling of prices that is necessary, and not the use of radical, including prohibited, measures. In the domestic market, an increase in production costs is inevitable with the complete absence of imports. Excessive imports, however, can lead to a disruption in the balance of foreign trade settlements, hindering the development of domestic production.